Objev Machu Picchu, starobyl\u00e9ho inck\u00e9ho m\u011bsta ukryt\u00e9ho v peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch, je zahalen tajemstv\u00edm. Obecn\u011b se m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee ruiny \u201eobjevil\u201c v roce 1911 Hiram Bingham III, americk\u00fd cestovatel a historik. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy v\u0161ak nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee toto m\u00edsto mohli nav\u0161t\u00edvit i jin\u00ed p\u0159ed n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n
Binghamova expedice veden\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00edmi farm\u00e1\u0159i a peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdm policistou narazila na ruiny 24. \u010dervence 1911. Byl ohromen slo\u017eit\u00fdmi kamenn\u00fdmi stavbami a terasami ukryt\u00fdmi v hust\u00e9 d\u017eungli. Binghamovo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o jeho objevu, publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Harper’s Monthly v roce 1913, p\u0159ineslo Machu Picchu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pozornost.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es Bingham\u016fv n\u00e1rok peru\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nebyl prvn\u00edm cizincem, kter\u00fd Machu Picchu nav\u0161t\u00edvil. Poukazuj\u00ed na d\u016fkazy o d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch graffiti a na p\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u011bmeck\u00fdch, britsk\u00fdch a americk\u00fdch pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk\u016f v t\u00e9to oblasti je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed Binghamov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edchodem.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z nejhlasit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kritik\u016f Binghamova n\u00e1roku na objev je peru\u00e1nsk\u00fd antropolog Jorge Flores Ochoa. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Bingham \u201em\u011bl sice v\u00edce akademick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed… Ale nepopisoval m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 bylo nezn\u00e1m\u00e9.\u201c<\/p>\n\n
V dopise zaslan\u00e9m Times\u016fm v roce 1916 n\u011bmeck\u00fd d\u016fln\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr Carl Haenel tvrdil, \u017ee v roce 1910 doprov\u00e1zel pr\u016fzkumn\u00edka J. M. von Hassela do Machu Picchu, a\u010dkoli neposkytl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 doklady, kter\u00e9 by jeho tvrzen\u00ed podpo\u0159ily.<\/p>\n\n
Dokonce i s\u00e1m Bingham p\u0159ipustil mo\u017enost, \u017ee ruiny p\u0159ed n\u00edm mohli nav\u0161t\u00edvit jin\u00ed. V dopise zaslan\u00e9m National Geographic Society v roce 1913 napsal: \u201eZd\u00e1lo se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, \u017ee toto m\u011bsto, vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 pouh\u00fdch p\u011bt dn\u00ed cesty od Cuzca, mohlo z\u016fstat tak dlouho nepopsan\u00e9 a relativn\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00e9.\u201c<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es kontroverze kolem Binghamova n\u00e1roku na objev se mnoho v\u011bdc\u016f domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee sehr\u00e1l z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v tom, \u017ee p\u0159ivedl Machu Picchu do pozornosti sv\u011bta. Provedl na tomto m\u00edst\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd pr\u016fzkum a vykop\u00e1vky a zdokumentoval jeho architektonick\u00e9 z\u00e1zraky a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n\n
Richard L. Burger, profesor antropologie na Yaleov\u011b univerzit\u011b, kde Bingham vyu\u010doval, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Bingham \u201enikdy netvrdil, \u017ee byl prvn\u00edm modern\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd vstoupil do Machu Picchu.\u201c Je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee Bingham by m\u011bl b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n jako \u201ev\u011bdeck\u00fd objevitel\u201c t\u011bchto ruin.<\/p>\n\n
Bingham si z Machu Picchu p\u0159ivezl rozs\u00e1hlou sb\u00edrku artefakt\u016f a kost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed ulo\u017eeny na Yaleov\u011b univerzit\u011b. Peru\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da po\u017eadovala navr\u00e1cen\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f s t\u00edm, \u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed peru\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu lidu a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny v zemi sv\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 2007 Yale souhlasil s t\u00edm, \u017ee vr\u00e1t\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu artefakt\u016f v\u00fdm\u011bnou za to, \u017ee si n\u011bkter\u00e9 ponech\u00e1 pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum. Peru\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u0161ak v roce 2017 podala \u017ealobu, v n\u00ed\u017e po\u017eadovala navr\u00e1cen\u00ed cel\u00e9 sb\u00edrky.<\/p>\n\n
St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed spor mezi Yale a Peru poukazuje na slo\u017eit\u00e9 etick\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vlastnictv\u00ed a navracen\u00ed kulturn\u00edch artefakt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Machu Picchu, pam\u00e1tka sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO, je jednou z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch turistick\u00fdch destinac\u00ed v Peru. Jeho ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed kr\u00e1sa a historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam nad\u00e1le fascinuj\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n
Objev a kontroverze kolem Machu Picchu zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdznam historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch debat o vlastnictv\u00ed a ochran\u011b kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Machu Picchu: Objev a kontroverze Objev Machu Picchu Objev Machu Picchu, starobyl\u00e9ho inck\u00e9ho m\u011bsta ukryt\u00e9ho v peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch, je zahalen tajemstv\u00edm. Obecn\u011b se m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee ruiny \u201eobjevil\u201c v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[88,6102,10,2153,1532,17561],"class_list":["post-12996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-archaeology","tag-peruvian-history","tag-controversy","tag-machu-picchu","tag-discovery","tag-ancient-inca"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12996"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12997,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996\/revisions\/12997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}