Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee lh\u00e1\u0159e lze rozpoznat podle jejich neverb\u00e1ln\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f, jako je vrt\u011bn\u00ed se, vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se o\u010dn\u00edmu kontaktu nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hlasit\u00e9 mluven\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b desetilet\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu d\u016fsledn\u011b prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee tyto podn\u011bty jsou nespolehliv\u00fdmi ukazateli klamu.<\/p>\n\n
Psychologov\u00e9 provedli \u0159adu studi\u00ed zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edch tis\u00edce \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f a v\u00fdsledky byly jasn\u00e9: lid\u00e9 nejsou lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1hoda v odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch pouze na neverb\u00e1ln\u00edch podn\u011btech. Dokonce ani policist\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161kolen\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011br.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d neverb\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty nejsou spolehliv\u00e9, je to, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se \u010dasto spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na stereotypy o lh\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee lh\u00e1\u0159i budou v\u017edy vrt\u011bt nebo odvracet zrak, ale to prost\u011b nen\u00ed pravda. Ve skute\u010dnosti jsou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lh\u00e1\u0159i velmi dob\u0159\u00ed v ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di t\u011bla a p\u016fsob\u00ed klidn\u011b a vyrovnan\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem s neverb\u00e1ln\u00edmi podn\u011bty je, \u017ee je lze snadno p\u0159edst\u00edrat. Lh\u00e1\u0159 m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bdom\u011b ovl\u00e1dat svou \u0159e\u010d t\u011bla, aby s\u00e1m sebe vyobrazil jako d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, zat\u00edmco up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e1 osoba m\u016f\u017ee vykazovat nerv\u00f3zn\u00ed nebo \u00fazkostn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je nespr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretov\u00e1no jako zn\u00e1mky podvodu.<\/p>\n\n
Proto\u017ee neverb\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty jsou nespolehliv\u00e9, v\u011bdci zam\u011b\u0159ili svou pozornost na verb\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty pro odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017ei. Verb\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty zahrnuj\u00ed v\u011bci jako nekonzistence v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu lh\u00e1\u0159e, vyh\u00fdbavost a nadm\u011brn\u00e9 detaily.<\/p>\n\n
Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee lid\u00e9 jsou lep\u0161\u00ed v odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b verb\u00e1ln\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f ne\u017e na z\u00e1klad\u011b neverb\u00e1ln\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f. Jedna technika, kter\u00e1 se uk\u00e1zala jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, je strategick\u00e9 zatajov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f. T\u00edm, \u017ee umo\u017en\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00e9mu mluvit voln\u011b, vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it \u0161anci, \u017ee ho p\u0159istihnou p\u0159i rozporu.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm slibn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem je testov\u00e1n\u00ed prostorov\u00e9 pam\u011bti. Po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00fdch, aby na\u010drtli sc\u00e9nu souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se zlo\u010dinem nebo alibi, m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it jejich vzpom\u00ednky a odhalit nesrovnalosti v jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory nedostatku v\u011bdeck\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f mnoho donucovac\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 screening behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy k odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed podvod\u016f. Tato pseudov\u011bda se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na v\u00e1gn\u00ed a protich\u016fdn\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria, jako je odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed pohledu, siln\u00e9 pocen\u00ed a nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vrt\u011bn\u00ed se.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkum opakovan\u011b uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee screening behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy je ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k fale\u0161n\u00fdm pozitiv\u016fm a rasov\u00e9mu profilov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti p\u0159ezkum proveden\u00fd v roce 2019 50 univerzitn\u00edmi v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee screening behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy je \u201ez\u00e1sadn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c a m\u011bl by b\u00fdt opu\u0161t\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n
Spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na stereotypy a pseudov\u011bdu p\u0159i odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017ei m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. Nevinn\u00ed lid\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt nepr\u00e1vem obvin\u011bni a odsouzeni za zlo\u010diny, zat\u00edmco vin\u00edci mohou uniknout trestu.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edpad Martyho Tankleffa je tragick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak mohou stereotypy v\u00e9st k nespravedlnosti. Tankleff byl nepr\u00e1vem odsouzen za vra\u017edu sv\u00fdch rodi\u010d\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9ho klidn\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed po \u010dinu. O mnoho let pozd\u011bji byl osvobozen, ale a\u017e pot\u00e9, co str\u00e1vil 17 let ve v\u011bzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem, kter\u00fd zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pseudov\u011bdy, je p\u0159\u00edpad Jeffreyho Deskovica. Deskovic byl nepr\u00e1vem odsouzen za vra\u017edu na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9 emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed reakce na zlo\u010din. Ve v\u011bzen\u00ed str\u00e1vil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 16 let, ne\u017e byl osvobozen.<\/p>\n\n
Psychologov\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pracuj\u00ed na v\u00fdvoji p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch metod odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed. Tyto metody se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na verb\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty, testov\u00e1n\u00ed prostorov\u00e9 pam\u011bti a dal\u0161\u00ed techniky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na d\u016fkazech.<\/p>\n\n
Opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm pseudov\u011bdy a p\u0159ijet\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00fdch metod m\u016f\u017eeme zlep\u0161it p\u0159esnost odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko nespravedliv\u00fdch odsouzen\u00ed a rasov\u00e9ho profilov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dokonal\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak odhalit lh\u00e1\u0159e, existuje n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00fdch \u0161anc\u00ed na odhalen\u00ed podvodu:<\/p>\n\n
Pamatujte, \u017ee odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017ei je slo\u017eit\u00e1 a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 \u010dinnost. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada za pe\u010dliv\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a ochotu zpochybnit sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pro\u010d nem\u016f\u017eete odhalit lh\u00e1\u0159e jen t\u00edm, \u017ee se na n\u011bj pod\u00edv\u00e1te Neverb\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty: M\u00fdtus vyvr\u00e1cen Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee lh\u00e1\u0159e lze rozpoznat podle jejich neverb\u00e1ln\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f, jako je vrt\u011bn\u00ed se, vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[17569,1745,1237,1492,97,17570],"class_list":["post-13000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-psychology","tag-lie-detection","tag-nonverbal-cues","tag-psychology","tag-justice","tag-science","tag-verbal-cues"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13000","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13000"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13000\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13001,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13000\/revisions\/13001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}