{"id":13008,"date":"2020-01-19T16:58:44","date_gmt":"2020-01-19T16:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13008"},"modified":"2020-01-19T16:58:44","modified_gmt":"2020-01-19T16:58:44","slug":"animal-sunscreen-strategies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/animal-sunscreen-strategies\/","title":{"rendered":"Opalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m z mo\u0159sk\u00fdch je\u017ek\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed kreativn\u00ed strategie opalov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slune\u010dn\u00ed kr\u00e9m z mo\u0159sk\u00fdch je\u017ek\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed kreativn\u00ed strategie opalov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mist\u0159i opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9m\u016f: mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed je\u017eci<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed je\u017eci, navzdory sv\u00e9mu nen\u00e1padn\u00e9mu vzhledu, vyvinuli d\u016fmyslnou strategii opalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Maj\u00ed sv\u011btlo\u010div\u00e9 trubicov\u00e9 no\u017eky, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed detekovat slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo. Kdy\u017e jsou je\u017eci vystaveni UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, hledaj\u00ed \u0159asy, \u00falomky kor\u00e1l\u016f a jin\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00fdmi se p\u0159ipev\u0148uj\u00ed ke sv\u00e9mu t\u011blu. Tato ochrann\u00e1 vrstva p\u016fsob\u00ed jako fyzick\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm slune\u010dn\u00edm paprsk\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bl\u00e1to a krev jako ochrana p\u0159ed sluncem<\/h2>\n\n<p>Bl\u00e1to poskytuje \u00fa\u010dinnou ochranu p\u0159ed sluncem mnoha zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b nosoro\u017ec\u016f, slon\u016f a prasat. P\u016fsob\u00ed jako dal\u0161\u00ed vrstva k\u016f\u017ee, ochlazuje t\u011blo a odpuzuje hmyz. Hro\u0161i v\u0161ak maj\u00ed neobvyklej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. Vylu\u010duj\u00ed \u010derven\u00fd, mastn\u00fd pot, kter\u00fd obsahuje pigmenty blokuj\u00edc\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo a poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed antibakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed ochranu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zeb\u0159i\u010dky: producenti opalovac\u00edho kr\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee zebri\u010dky maj\u00ed pozoruhodnou schopnost produkovat slou\u010deninu opalovac\u00edho kr\u00e9mu naz\u00fdvanou gadusol. Tato l\u00e1tka chr\u00e1n\u00ed jejich vaj\u00ed\u010dka p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. Na rozd\u00edl od savc\u016f si zebri\u010dky gadusol syntetizuj\u00ed samy, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje rozmanitost strategi\u00ed opalov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Velryby: ochrana pomoc\u00ed melaninu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Velryby, kter\u00fdm chyb\u00ed geny produkuj\u00edc\u00ed gadusol, se pro ochranu p\u0159ed sluncem spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na melanin, pigment, kter\u00fd dod\u00e1v\u00e1 lidsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ei jej\u00ed barvu. Velryby s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hladinou melaninu vykazuj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed sluncem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bioin\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd opalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m z kvasinek<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci zkoumaj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch kvasinek k produkci gadusolu. Tento pr\u016flom by mohl v\u00e9st k v\u00fdvoji \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9m\u016f k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed strategie opalov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zv\u00ed\u0159ata vykazuj\u00ed celou \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch strategi\u00ed opalov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V\u00e1len\u00ed:<\/strong> Zv\u00ed\u0159ata jako nosoro\u017eci a sloni pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed bl\u00e1tiv\u00e9 koupele, aby se chr\u00e1nila p\u0159ed sluncem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pot:<\/strong> Sloni vylu\u010duj\u00ed \u010dir\u00fd pot, kter\u00fd se odpa\u0159uje a ochlazuje jejich t\u011bla.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0160upiny:<\/strong> \u0160upiny ryb poskytuj\u00ed ochranu p\u0159ed UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm a dehydratac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pe\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong> Pe\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f poskytuje izolaci a ochranu p\u0159ed sluncem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Srst:<\/strong> Srst savc\u016f izoluje proti chladu a poskytuje ur\u010ditou ochranu p\u0159ed UV paprsky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implikace pro \u010dlov\u011bka<\/h2>\n\n<p>Strategie opalov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159aty nab\u00edzej\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky pro ochranu \u010dlov\u011bka p\u0159ed sluncem. P\u0159esto\u017ee na\u0161e t\u011bla nedok\u00e1\u017eou sama produkovat opalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m, m\u016f\u017eeme se pou\u010dit z d\u016fmyslnosti \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a vyvinout \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed opalov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Slune\u010dn\u00ed kr\u00e9m z mo\u0159sk\u00fdch je\u017ek\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed kreativn\u00ed strategie opalov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i Mist\u0159i opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9m\u016f: mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed je\u017eci Mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed je\u017eci, navzdory sv\u00e9mu nen\u00e1padn\u00e9mu vzhledu, vyvinuli d\u016fmyslnou strategii opalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Maj\u00ed sv\u011btlo\u010div\u00e9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[83,17583,17579,17582,17581,17578,17580],"class_list":["post-13008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-biomimicry","tag-sun-protection-in-animals","tag-natures-sunscreen","tag-zebrafish-sunscreen","tag-hippopotamus-sunscreen","tag-animal-sunscreen","tag-sea-urchin-sunscreen"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13008"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13009,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13008\/revisions\/13009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}