{"id":1304,"date":"2020-01-14T12:42:22","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T12:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1304"},"modified":"2020-01-14T12:42:22","modified_gmt":"2020-01-14T12:42:22","slug":"14-million-year-old-bone-hand-ax-found-in-ethiopia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/14-million-year-old-bone-hand-ax-found-in-ethiopia\/","title":{"rendered":"1,4 milionu let star\u00e1 kost\u011bn\u00e1 ru\u010dn\u00ed sekera objeven\u00e1 v Etiopii odhaluje pokro\u010dil\u00e9 schopnosti p\u0159edk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Objev 1,4 milionu let star\u00e9 kost\u011bn\u00e9 sekery v Etiopii<\/h2>\n\n

Objev vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologov\u00e9 v Etiopii objevili 1,4 milionu let starou kost\u011bnou sekeru, pozoruhodn\u00fd n\u00e1lez, kter\u00fd vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na sofistikovan\u00e9 schopnosti v\u00fdroby n\u00e1stroj\u016f na\u0161ich d\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f, Homo erectus. Sekera byla vykop\u00e1na na archeologick\u00e9m nalezi\u0161ti Konso v ji\u017en\u00ed Etiopii a je jednou ze dvou zn\u00e1m\u00fdch kost\u011bn\u00fdch seker vyroben\u00fdch p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e milionem let.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159emesln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

P\u011bt palc\u016f dlouh\u00fd n\u00e1stroj je vyroben z stehenn\u00ed kosti hrocha a vykazuje v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159emesln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tv\u016frce pe\u010dliv\u011b od\u0161t\u00edpl kost\u011bn\u00e9 \u00falomky, aby vytvo\u0159il brou\u0161enou hranu, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 vysokou \u00farove\u0148 dovednost\u00ed a p\u0159esnosti. Tato pokro\u010dil\u00e1 technika, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako acheulsk\u00e1 metoda, se d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee se objevila o p\u016fl milionu let pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n

Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sady n\u00e1stroj\u016f Homo erectus<\/h2>\n\n

Objev t\u00e9to kost\u011bn\u00e9 sekery roz\u0161i\u0159uje na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed schopnost\u00ed Homo erectus vyr\u00e1b\u011bt n\u00e1stroje. D\u0159\u00edve se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kamenn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. Tento n\u00e1lez v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee byli tak\u00e9 zru\u010dn\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci s kostmi, co\u017e d\u00e1le zlep\u0161ilo jejich schopnosti p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n

Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed kosti<\/h2>\n\n

Volba kosti jako materi\u00e1lu pro tuto sekeru je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1. Kosti se zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji ne\u017e k\u00e1men, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje jinou sadu technik. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kost\u00ed mohlo b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno nedostatkem vhodn\u00e9 horniny v t\u00e9to oblasti nebo kulturn\u00edmi \u010di symbolick\u00fdmi d\u016fvody.<\/p>\n\n

Poznatky o chov\u00e1n\u00ed Homo erectus<\/h2>\n\n

Tento vz\u00e1cn\u00fd n\u00e1lez poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o chov\u00e1n\u00ed Homo erectus. Nazna\u010duje, \u017ee byli schopni vyr\u00e1b\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a m\u011bli v\u0161estrannou sadu dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala pr\u00e1ci s kamenem i kostmi. Sekera tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duje mo\u017enost ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho nebo symbolick\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed kost\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi kost\u011bn\u00fdmi sekerami<\/h2>\n\n

Jedin\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 kost\u011bn\u00e1 sekera datovan\u00e1 do doby p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e milionem let byla nalezena v tanzansk\u00e9 rokli Olduvai. Tento n\u00e1stroj, vyroben\u00fd ze slon\u00ed kosti, je m\u00e9n\u011b propracovan\u011b vyroben\u00fd ne\u017e sekera nalezen\u00e1 v Konsu. Toto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uje region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly v technik\u00e1ch v\u00fdroby n\u00e1stroj\u016f mezi populacemi Homo erectus.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fsledky pro lidskou evoluci<\/h2>\n\n

Objev t\u00e9to 1,4 milionu let star\u00e9 kost\u011bn\u00e9 sekery je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem k na\u0161emu ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 evoluce. Poskytuje d\u016fkaz o sofistikovan\u00fdch schopnostech Homo erectus vyr\u00e1b\u011bt n\u00e1stroje a zpochyb\u0148uje d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady o jejich technologick\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji. Tento n\u00e1lez tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam kost\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f v kulturn\u00edm a behavior\u00e1ln\u00edm reperto\u00e1ru na\u0161ich d\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Objev 1,4 milionu let star\u00e9 kost\u011bn\u00e9 sekery v Etiopii Objev vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje Archeologov\u00e9 v Etiopii objevili 1,4 milionu let starou kost\u011bnou sekeru, pozoruhodn\u00fd n\u00e1lez, kter\u00fd vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na sofistikovan\u00e9 schopnosti…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[2948,132,88,2949,487,2950],"class_list":["post-1304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-1-4-million-year-old-bone-hand-ax","tag-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-homo-erectus","tag-human-evolution","tag-ancient-tools"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1304"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1305,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1304\/revisions\/1305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}