{"id":13057,"date":"2024-05-15T23:36:29","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T23:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13057"},"modified":"2024-05-15T23:36:29","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T23:36:29","slug":"os%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b3-rex-earth-slingshot-asteroid-bennu-mission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/space-exploration\/os%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b3-rex-earth-slingshot-asteroid-bennu-mission\/","title":{"rendered":"Satelitn\u00ed prak: Jak OSIRIS-REx vyu\u017eil gravitaci Zem\u011b k pos\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00e9 mise"},"content":{"rendered":"

Satelitn\u00ed prak: Jak OSIRIS-REx vyu\u017eil gravitaci Zem\u011b k pos\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00e9 mise<\/h2>\n\n

Zemsk\u00e1 gravitace: Nebesk\u00fd\u63a8\u529b<\/h2>\n\n

V \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0442n\u00e9m prostoru se kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b \u010dasto spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na gravita\u010dn\u00ed asistenci, zn\u00e1mou tak\u00e9 jako praky, aby u\u0161et\u0159ily vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 palivo a efektivn\u011b navigovaly. Vyu\u017eit\u00edm gravita\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017elivosti planet mohou satelity m\u011bnit svou dr\u00e1hu a z\u00edsk\u00e1vat hybnost, ani\u017e by spot\u0159ebov\u00e1valy vlastn\u00ed pohonn\u00e9 hmoty.<\/p>\n\n

OSIRIS-REx: Mise ke studiu p\u016fvodu \u017eivota<\/h2>\n\n

Kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f OSIRIS-REx, vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 NASA v roce 2016, se vydala na pr\u016fkopnickou misi s c\u00edlem studovat asteroid Bennu. Toto 1 600 stop \u0161irok\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 t\u011bleso \u00fadajn\u011b ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 stopy o p\u016fvodu \u017eivota na Zemi. V\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee uhl\u00edkat\u00e9 chondrity, meteority, kter\u00e9 vznikly p\u0159i zrodu slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, p\u0159inesly na na\u0161i planetu vodu a organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b tak daly vzniknout ran\u00e9mu \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n\n

Bennu: C\u00edl bohat\u00fd na historii<\/h2>\n\n

Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha Bennu, kter\u00e1 se velmi podob\u00e1 t\u00e9 zemsk\u00e9, z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edl pro OSIRIS-REx. Dosa\u017een\u00ed asteroidu v\u0161ak vy\u017eadovalo zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed paliva. Aby u\u0161et\u0159ili zdroje, vymysleli v\u011bdci pl\u00e1n, jak vyu\u017e\u00edt gravitaci Zem\u011b jako prak.<\/p>\n\n

Man\u00e9vr s vyu\u017eit\u00edm gravita\u010dn\u00edho praku: P\u0159esn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V p\u00e1tek se OSIRIS-REx oto\u010dil kolem Zem\u011b a z\u00edskal zna\u010dn\u00e9 pos\u00edlen\u00ed hybnosti. Man\u00e9vr zahrnoval vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed satelitu rychlost\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 19 000 mil za hodinu sm\u011brem k Bennu a vyu\u017eit\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017elivosti Zem\u011b. Tento prak nejen\u017ee urychlil OSIRIS-REx kup\u0159edu, ale tak\u00e9 vych\u00fdlil jeho dr\u00e1hu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 6 stup\u0148\u016f a nasm\u011broval jej na spr\u00e1vnou dr\u00e1hu pro zachycen\u00ed asteroidu.<\/p>\n\n

Gravita\u010dn\u00ed asistence: B\u011b\u017en\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro pr\u016fzkum vesm\u00edru<\/h2>\n\n

Zes\u00edlen\u00ed gravitace je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 technika p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru. Sond Voyager nap\u0159\u00edklad vyu\u017eily vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho se\u0159azen\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch planet a z\u00edskaly hybnost od v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 plynn\u00fdch obr\u016f. Bl\u00ed\u017ee k Zemi z\u00edskala sonda Juno pos\u00edlen\u00ed rychlosti o 8 800 mil za hodinu d\u00edky ob\u011bhu kolem Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Setk\u00e1n\u00ed OSIRIS-REx se Zem\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco Juno se b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho pr\u016fletu p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila k zemsk\u00e9mu povrchu na pouh\u00fdch 347 mil, OSIRIS-REx si udr\u017eoval bezpe\u010dnou vzd\u00e1lenost a ve sv\u00e9m nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm bod\u011b se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil k Antarktid\u011b na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 11 000 mil. T\u00fdm satelitu shroma\u017e\u010fuje online sn\u00edmky od pozorovatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli sv\u011bdky t\u00e9to velkolep\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam gravita\u010dn\u00edho praku<\/h2>\n\n

Man\u00e9vr s vyu\u017eit\u00edm gravita\u010dn\u00edho praku sehr\u00e1l v misi OSIRIS-REx z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli. U\u0161et\u0159il palivo, co\u017e umo\u017enilo kosmick\u00e9 lodi zah\u00e1jit cestu k Bennu s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku bude OSIRIS-REx studovat asteroid pomoc\u00ed proudu plynu, aby naru\u0161il prach na jeho povrchu a odebral vzorky, kter\u00e9 budou v roce 2023 vr\u00e1ceny na Zemi. Tyto vzorky maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l odhalit tajemstv\u00ed o p\u016fvodu \u017eivota a vzniku na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Satelitn\u00ed prak: Jak OSIRIS-REx vyu\u017eil gravitaci Zem\u011b k pos\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00e9 mise Zemsk\u00e1 gravitace: Nebesk\u00fd\u63a8\u529b V \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0442n\u00e9m prostoru se kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b \u010dasto spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na gravita\u010dn\u00ed asistenci, zn\u00e1mou tak\u00e9 jako praky, aby…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23386,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[494],"tags":[17652,1216,435,17651,8014,434,667,97],"class_list":["post-13057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-space-exploration","tag-asteroid-bennu","tag-astrobiology","tag-astronomy","tag-earth-slingshot","tag-osiris-rex","tag-space-exploration","tag-origins-of-life","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13057","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13057"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13057\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13058,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13057\/revisions\/13058"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13057"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13057"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13057"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}