B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed Jima Crowa \u010delili \u010derno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 tvrd\u00e9 diskriminaci a omezen\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm prostor\u016fm. V reakci na to si \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 elity zalo\u017eily soukrom\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee jako \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed segregac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jednou z t\u011bchto pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed byla Highland Beach, kterou v roce 1893 zalo\u017eil Charles Douglass, syn abolicionisty Fredericka Douglassa. Highland Beach se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na Chesapeaksk\u00e9 z\u00e1toce a stala se \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm pro v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 Ameri\u010dany, v\u010detn\u011b b\u00e1sn\u00edka Paula Laurence Dunbara a v\u016fdc\u016f ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v W. E. B. Du Bois a Bookera T. Washingtona.<\/p>\n\n
Aby majitel\u00e9 ochr\u00e1nili Highland Beach p\u0159ed z\u00e1sahem b\u00edl\u00fdch developer\u016f, pou\u017eili kreativn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed strategie. Charles Douglass koupil pozemek od \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 rodiny a obe\u0161el tak rasov\u00e9 smlouvy, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1nily prodeji nemovitost\u00ed lidem jin\u00e9 barvy pleti. Pozd\u011bji jeho syn za\u010dlenil Highland jako samospr\u00e1vnou obec.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es tato opat\u0159en\u00ed se objevila obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze zpronev\u011bry pen\u011bz a z zastra\u0161ovac\u00edch taktik, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly dr\u017eet ven vet\u0159elce. Tyto taktiky v\u0161ak nakonec zachovaly exkluzivitu komunity.<\/p>\n\n
Exkluzivita Highland Beach vedla ke vzniku dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dern\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na z\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Marylandu. Carr’s Beach a Sparrow’s Beach, otev\u0159en\u00e9 ve 20. a 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, byly m\u00e9n\u011b exkluzivn\u00ed ne\u017e Highland a Venice Beach. Po\u0159\u00e1daly ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 koncerty s um\u011blci cestuj\u00edc\u00edmi na \u201eChitlin’ Circuit\u201c, s\u00e9rii m\u00edst, kter\u00e1 v\u00edtala \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 publikum a um\u011blce.<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u00edmco \u010dern\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee poskytovaly \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro elitu, mo\u017enosti rekreace pro \u010dern\u00e9 obyvatele m\u011bst byly vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Ve Washingtonu, D.C. se otev\u0159ely ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 koupac\u00ed pl\u00e1\u017ee pouze pro b\u00edl\u00e9, ale \u010derno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed plavci byli \u010dasto vylou\u010deni.<\/p>\n\n
Jedinou ve\u0159ejnou pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed otev\u0159enou pro \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 plavce ve Washingtonu byl Anacostia Park, ale jeho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla omezen\u00e1 a n\u011bkolik \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed se utopilo p\u0159i koup\u00e1n\u00ed v \u0159ece Anacostia.<\/p>\n\n
Po p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona o ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech z roku 1964 za\u010dali \u010derno\u0161i nav\u0161t\u011bvovat desegregrovan\u00e9, d\u0159\u00edve pouze pro b\u00edl\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00e9 podniky. Mnoho \u010dern\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed upadalo v popularit\u011b a nakonec byly vykoupeny b\u00edl\u00fdmi developery.<\/p>\n\n
Dnes zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch n\u011bkolik \u010dern\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u00e1 tendenci slou\u017eit sp\u00ed\u0161e elitn\u00edm, privilegovan\u00fdm \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdm komunit\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed prost\u0159edky na ochranu a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch komunit.<\/p>\n\n
V posledn\u00edch letech bylo vyvinuto \u00fasil\u00ed o zdokumentov\u00e1n\u00ed a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00fdch m\u00edst Black Chesapeake Bay.<\/p>\n\n
Nadace Blacks of the Chesapeake uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 artefakty p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed role m\u00edstn\u00edch \u010dern\u00fdch Ameri\u010dan\u016f v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu a pr\u016fmyslu mo\u0159sk\u00fdch plod\u016f. Iniciativa mapov\u00e1n\u00ed Chesapeake N\u00e1rodn\u00edho trustu pro historickou pam\u00e1tkovou p\u00e9\u010di identifikuje a mapuje historick\u00e1 m\u00edsta Black pro ochranu p\u016fdy.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed projekty maj\u00ed za c\u00edl zachovat nehmotn\u00e9 aspekty \u010dern\u00e9 historie Chesapeake. Program Urban Waterways v Anacostia Community Museum zkoum\u00e1 spojen\u00ed washingtonsk\u00e9 komunity s \u0159ekou Anacostia a vyzdvihuje pr\u00e1ci aktivist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed na zlep\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed obnoven\u00edm \u0159eky.<\/p>\n\n
Toto \u00fasil\u00ed uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 trval\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u010dern\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed a miluj\u00ed tato m\u00edsta, a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitost uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed rozmanit\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak\u00fdmi se lid\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu anga\u017eovali v Chesapeaksk\u00e9 z\u00e1toce.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u010cern\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee: \u00dato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 elity b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed Jima Crowa Vznik \u010dern\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed Jima Crowa \u010delili \u010derno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 tvrd\u00e9 diskriminaci a omezen\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm prostor\u016fm. V reakci…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17665],"tags":[4932,4513,1434,17664,1879,2264,2575],"class_list":["post-13069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-african-american-history","tag-chesapeake-bay","tag-discrimination","tag-black-history","tag-jim-crow-era","tag-civil-rights","tag-segregation","tag-recreation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13069"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13070,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13069\/revisions\/13070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}