V pr\u016flomov\u00e9m objevu odkryli archeologov\u00e9 v Norsku st\u0159edov\u011bkou \u0159ezbu, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nejstar\u0161\u00edm vyobrazen\u00edm sokolnictv\u00ed ve Skandin\u00e1vii. 800 let star\u00e1 figurka vy\u0159ezan\u00e1 ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kosti zobrazuje korunovanou osobu dr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na prav\u00e9 ruce sokola.<\/p>\n\n
Artefakt byl objeven na nalezi\u0161ti v Gamle Oslo, historick\u00e9 \u010dtvrti hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Norska. \u0158ezba, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyroben\u00e1 z paro\u017e\u00ed, je dlouh\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 osm centimetr\u016f a v doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti dut\u00e1, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mohla b\u00fdt rukojet\u00ed no\u017ee nebo n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n\n
Na z\u00e1klad\u011b od\u011bvu a \u00fa\u010desu postavy v\u011bdci datuj\u00ed \u0159ezbu do obdob\u00ed kolem 13. stolet\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edtomnost koruny nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u0159ezba mohla b\u00fdt vymodelov\u00e1na podle kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 osoby, mo\u017en\u00e1 kr\u00e1le Haakona IV.<\/p>\n\n
Sokolnictv\u00ed, praxe pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vycvi\u010den\u00fdch dravc\u016f k lovu zv\u011b\u0159e, bylo obl\u00edben\u00fdm sportem mezi \u0161lechtou a z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00fdmi ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Sokoli byli vysoce cen\u011bn\u00ed a draz\u00ed na v\u00fdcvik, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jedin\u00fd nevycvi\u010den\u00fd norsk\u00fd sokol st\u00e1l ve 13. stolet\u00ed tolik co 4 a\u017e 6 krav nebo 1 a\u017e 2 kon\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Nor\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 byli v sokolnictv\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b aktivn\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edvali ho jako diplomatick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj k budov\u00e1n\u00ed spojenectv\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi evropsk\u00fdmi dvory. Kr\u00e1l Haakon IV., kter\u00fd vl\u00e1dl v letech 1217 a\u017e 1263, byl zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed pro sokolnictv\u00ed a \u010dasto daroval sokoly jako dary.<\/p>\n\n
Korunovan\u00e1 postava vyobrazen\u00e1 na \u0159ezb\u011b nos\u00ed sokola sed\u00edc\u00edho na sv\u00e9 prav\u00e9 ruce. Hlava pt\u00e1ka je sklon\u011bna dol\u016f k lev\u00e9 ruce sokoln\u00edka, o kter\u00e9 se odborn\u00edci domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee dr\u017eet potravu. Sokol\u00ed oko je vyvrtan\u00fd otvor, zat\u00edmco jeho pe\u0159\u00ed je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno vyryt\u00fdm m\u0159\u00ed\u017ekov\u00fdm vzorem.<\/p>\n\n
Od\u011bv a \u00fa\u010des \u0159ezby nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee by mohla zobrazovat \u017eenskou postavu, proto\u017ee vdan\u00e9 \u017eeny ve 13. stolet\u00ed nosily vlasy nebo pokr\u00fdvku hlavy v podobn\u00e9m stylu. Je v\u0161ak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit pohlav\u00ed postavy jednozna\u010dn\u011b, proto\u017ee sokolnictv\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bku provozovali jak mu\u017ei, tak \u017eeny.<\/p>\n\n
\u0158ezba poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamu sokolnictv\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m Norsku. P\u0159\u00edtomnost korunovan\u00e9 postavy a pozornost v\u011bnovan\u00e1 detail\u016fm v zobrazen\u00ed \u0159ezby nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee sokolnictv\u00ed bylo vysoce cen\u011bno norskou elitou.<\/p>\n\n
Archeologov\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0159ezba byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyrobena v d\u00edln\u011b v Oslu a pat\u0159\u00ed k nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm artefakt\u016fm nalezen\u00fdm ve m\u011bst\u011b v posledn\u00edch letech. Podobn\u00e9 rukojeti no\u017e\u016f se sokoly byly nalezeny v Oslu a dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech severn\u00ed Evropy, ale nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 \u0159ezba je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za star\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Sokolnictv\u00ed z\u016fstalo mezi norsk\u00fdmi kr\u00e1li popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a\u017e do konce 14. stolet\u00ed. K chyt\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdcviku dravc\u016f pro kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd dv\u016fr byli zam\u011bstn\u00e1ni profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed sokoln\u00edci.<\/p>\n\n
Praxe sokolnictv\u00ed v Norsku po st\u0159edov\u011bku upadla, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 cen\u011bnou tradic\u00ed. Objev st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 \u0159ezby v Oslu slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka trval\u00e9ho odkazu sokolnictv\u00ed v norsk\u00e9 historii.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nejstar\u0161\u00ed vyobrazen\u00ed sokolnictv\u00ed ve Skandin\u00e1vii objeveno V pr\u016flomov\u00e9m objevu odkryli archeologov\u00e9 v Norsku st\u0159edov\u011bkou \u0159ezbu, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nejstar\u0161\u00edm vyobrazen\u00edm sokolnictv\u00ed ve Skandin\u00e1vii. 800 let star\u00e1 figurka vy\u0159ezan\u00e1 ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2956],"tags":[2955,88,1043,2954,2953,2156],"class_list":["post-1309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-wildlife-and-nature","tag-animal-training","tag-archaeology","tag-birds-of-prey","tag-norwegian-history","tag-falconry","tag-medieval-art"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1310,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309\/revisions\/1310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}