{"id":13110,"date":"2022-07-23T04:50:08","date_gmt":"2022-07-23T04:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13110"},"modified":"2022-07-23T04:50:08","modified_gmt":"2022-07-23T04:50:08","slug":"reading-and-facial-recognition-an-unexpected-connection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/cognitive-science\/reading-and-facial-recognition-an-unexpected-connection\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cten\u00ed a rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: Neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 souvislost"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cten\u00ed a rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: Neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 souvislost<\/h2>\n\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n

V\u0161imli jste si n\u011bkdy, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed hodn\u011b \u010dtou, maj\u00ed tendenci m\u00edt pot\u00ed\u017ee s rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed? Nemus\u00ed to b\u00fdt jen n\u00e1hoda. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise Science nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b naru\u0161ovat na\u0161i schopnost rozpozn\u00e1vat tv\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n

Studie<\/h2>\n\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm neurov\u011bdc\u016f pou\u017eil fMRI skeny k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed mozk\u016f 63 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f z Portugalska a Braz\u00edlie. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci byli rozd\u011bleni do t\u0159\u00ed skupin: negramotn\u00ed jedinci, dosp\u011bl\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se nau\u010dili \u010d\u00edst pozd\u011bji v \u017eivot\u011b, a d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 se nau\u010dily \u010d\u00edst v mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci sledovali mozkovou aktivitu, zat\u00edmco \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci prov\u00e1d\u011bli r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fakoly, jako je \u010dten\u00ed, poslech v\u011bt a prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, objekt\u016f a pohybliv\u00fdch vzor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Studie odhalila, \u017ee oblast mozku naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 zrakov\u00e1 oblast tvaru slova (VWFA) se aktivovala, kdy\u017e \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci vid\u011bli nebo sly\u0161eli slova. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee VWFA reagovala tak\u00e9 na tv\u00e1\u0159e, ale m\u00e9n\u011b u gramotn\u00fdch dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat n\u011bkter\u00e9 stejn\u00e9 neuronov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e9 jsou zapojeny do vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159e. V d\u016fsledku toho m\u016f\u017ee rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed v\u00e9st ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed schopnosti mozku efektivn\u011b zpracov\u00e1vat tv\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Jedno mo\u017en\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed tohoto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je, \u017ee se vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m neust\u00e1le p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se u\u010d\u00edme \u010d\u00edst, mozek p\u0159id\u011bluje v\u00edce zdroj\u016f zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed psan\u00e9ho jazyka, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt na \u00fakor vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Jin\u00e1 teorie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee sout\u011b\u017eit s vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed o pozornostn\u00ed zdroje. Kdy\u017e \u010dteme, soust\u0159ed\u00edme se na slova a jejich v\u00fdznam, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zt\u00ed\u017eit sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed o tv\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n

Implikace<\/h2>\n\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to studie maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik d\u016fsledk\u016f. Zaprv\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee existovat kompromis mezi \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi dovednostmi a schopnostmi vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Jedinci, kte\u0159\u00ed vynikaj\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 oblasti, mohou m\u00edt ur\u010dit\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee v druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Za druh\u00e9, studie zd\u016fraz\u0148uje plasticitu mozku. \u010cten\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159et neuronov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a m\u011bnit zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1me vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed informace.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdhody \u010dten\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee \u010dten\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt n\u011bkter\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed nev\u00fdhody pro rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee tak\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159adu kognitivn\u00edch v\u00fdhod. Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed zlep\u0161uje jazykov\u00e9 dovednosti, pam\u011b\u0165 a schopnosti kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Vztah mezi \u010dten\u00edm a rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed je slo\u017eit\u00fd a st\u00e1le se zkoum\u00e1. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed studie v\u0161ak poskytuje d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161ovat na\u0161i schopnost vn\u00edmat tv\u00e1\u0159e. Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak mozek zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed informace a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed kompromisy spojen\u00e9 s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi kognitivn\u00edmi dovednostmi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cten\u00ed a rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: Neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 souvislost \u00davod V\u0161imli jste si n\u011bkdy, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed hodn\u011b \u010dtou, maj\u00ed tendenci m\u00edt pot\u00ed\u017ee s rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed? Nemus\u00ed to b\u00fdt jen n\u00e1hoda. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1222],"tags":[4862,1579,2250,6509],"class_list":["post-13110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cognitive-science","tag-reading","tag-neuroscience","tag-facial-recognition","tag-visual-perception"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13110"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13111,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13110\/revisions\/13111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}