{"id":13155,"date":"2024-06-19T22:57:32","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T22:57:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13155"},"modified":"2024-06-19T22:57:32","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T22:57:32","slug":"art-museum-collections-lack-diversity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/art\/diversity-in-art-museums\/art-museum-collections-lack-diversity\/","title":{"rendered":"Nedostatek rozmanitosti ve sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch um\u011bleck\u00fdch muze\u00ed \u2013 znepokojiv\u00e1 studie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sb\u00edrky um\u011bleck\u00fdch muze\u00ed: Nedostatek rozmanitosti<\/h2>\n\n

Reprezentace pohlav\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti ve velk\u00fdch muze\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n

Pr\u016flomov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise PLoS One odhalila p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd nedostatek rozmanitosti ve sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch velk\u00fdch americk\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch muze\u00ed. Studie analyzovala v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 000 um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl v 18 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch muze\u00edch a zjistila, \u017ee 85 % p\u0159edstavovan\u00fdch um\u011blc\u016f je b\u00edl\u00fdch a 87 % jsou mu\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n

Tento nedostatek rozmanitosti je ji\u017e po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed zdrojem obav. V roce 1989 polo\u017eil feministick\u00fd kolektiv Guerrilla Girls slavnou ot\u00e1zku: \u201eMus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u017eeny nah\u00e9, aby se dostaly do Metropolitn\u00edho muzea um\u011bn\u00ed?\u201c Jejich provokativn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka upozornila na nedostate\u010dnou reprezentaci \u017een v Metropolitn\u00edm muzeu um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Metodologie studie<\/h2>\n\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie Chada Topaze z Williams College a jeho koleg\u016f je prvn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou anal\u00fdzou um\u011bleck\u00e9 rozmanitosti kulturn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Vytvo\u0159ili seznamy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 000 um\u011blc\u016f zastoupen\u00fdch ve st\u00e1l\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch muze\u00ed, jako je Met, Art Institute of Chicago a National Gallery of Art.<\/p>\n\n

K ur\u010den\u00ed pohlav\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti um\u011blc\u016f v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci naverbovali pracovn\u00edky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm crowdsourcingov\u00e9 platformy Mechanical Turk spole\u010dnosti Amazon. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 sada jmen pro\u0161la alespo\u0148 p\u011bti koly klasifikace a odpov\u011bdi byly vz\u00e1jemn\u011b porovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny, aby se dosp\u011blo ke shod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: B\u00edl\u00ed mu\u017ei dominuj\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee b\u00edl\u00ed mu\u017ei dominovali ve vzorku a tvo\u0159ili ohromuj\u00edc\u00edch 75,7 % kone\u010dn\u00e9ho datov\u00e9ho souboru. B\u00edl\u00e9 \u017eeny n\u00e1sledovaly s 10,8 %, n\u00e1sledovaly asij\u0161t\u00ed mu\u017ei (7,5 %) a hisp\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed mu\u017ei (2,6 %). V\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed skupiny zastoupen\u00e9 z hlediska pohlav\u00ed i etnick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti byly zaznamen\u00e1ny v pod\u00edlech men\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 1 %.<\/p>\n\n

Rozd\u00edly mezi muzei<\/h2>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e1 muzea dos\u00e1hla lep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f ne\u017e jin\u00e1, rozd\u00edly v zastoupen\u00ed byly st\u00e1le zna\u010dn\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad afroameri\u010dt\u00ed um\u011blci tvo\u0159\u00ed 10,6 % um\u011blc\u016f ve sb\u00edrce Atlanta High Museum of Art, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pouh\u00fdmi 1,2 % ve v\u0161ech zkouman\u00fdch muze\u00edch. Muzeum sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed v Los Angeles se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit procentem d\u011bl hisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdch um\u011blc\u016f, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br.<\/p>\n\n

Jin\u00e1 muzea v\u0161ak zaost\u00e1vala. National Gallery of Art m\u011bla ve sv\u00e9 sb\u00edrce v\u00edce ne\u017e 97 % b\u00edl\u00fdch um\u011blc\u016f a 90 % byli mu\u017ei. Muzeum modern\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed v New Yorku, p\u0159esto\u017ee se zam\u011b\u0159ovalo na obdob\u00ed v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch um\u011bn\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozmanitost\u00ed, m\u011blo ve sv\u00e9 sb\u00edrce pouze 11 % um\u011blky\u0148.<\/p>\n\n

Omezen\u00ed studie<\/h2>\n\n

Studie m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Auto\u0159i zahrnuli pouze um\u011blce, jejich\u017e identitu bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jistotou, vynechali anonymn\u00ed tv\u016frce z minul\u00fdch stolet\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed byli pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b neb\u00edl\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00edle sb\u00edrky a rozmanitost<\/h2>\n\n

Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee studie zjistila malou korelaci mezi deklarovan\u00fdmi c\u00edli sb\u00edrky muzea a jeho \u00farovn\u00ed celkov\u00e9 rozmanitosti. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee muzea mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it rozmanitost ve sv\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch, ani\u017e by zm\u011bnila sv\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e1 obdob\u00ed a zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzva k akci<\/h2>\n\n

Nedostatek rozmanitosti ve sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch um\u011bleck\u00fdch muze\u00ed je p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it. Muzea maj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost reprezentovat rozmanitost sv\u00fdch komunit a zp\u0159\u00edstupnit um\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161em.<\/p>\n\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm zastoupen\u00ed \u017een, neb\u011bloch\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch nedostate\u010dn\u011b zastoupen\u00fdch skupin ve sv\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch mohou muzea vytvo\u0159it inkluzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u011bt um\u011bn\u00ed pro v\u0161echny.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sb\u00edrky um\u011bleck\u00fdch muze\u00ed: Nedostatek rozmanitosti Reprezentace pohlav\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti ve velk\u00fdch muze\u00edch Pr\u016flomov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise PLoS One odhalila p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd nedostatek rozmanitosti ve sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch velk\u00fdch americk\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch muze\u00ed.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23693,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17744],"tags":[17743,17740,17741,2755,6615,17742],"class_list":["post-13155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diversity-in-art-museums","tag-art-equity","tag-art-museum-collections","tag-gender-and-ethnicity-in-art","tag-representation-matters","tag-diversity-in-art","tag-representation-in-art"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13155"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13156,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13155\/revisions\/13156"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}