Uprost\u0159ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u010delilo americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu probl\u00e9mu: jak efektivn\u011b vykl\u00e1dat voj\u00e1ky a techniku na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 b\u0159ehy. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 \u010dluny byly pomal\u00e9, neobratn\u00e9 a snadno zasa\u017eiteln\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1telskou palbou.<\/p>\n\n
Na sc\u00e9nu vstoupil Andrew Jackson Higgins, louisiansk\u00fd lodn\u00ed stavitel se smyslem pro inovaci. V roce 1942 Higgins vyvinul Higginsovu lo\u010f, revolu\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdsadkov\u00fd \u010dlun, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil podobu amfibick\u00fdch operac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Higginsova lo\u010f byla 36stopov\u00fd, plochodenn\u00ed plavidlo s unik\u00e1tn\u00edm \u201el\u017ei\u010dkovit\u00fdm\u201c p\u0159edn\u00edm tvarem, kter\u00fd j\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148oval vyjet a\u017e na b\u0159eh a pak se odt\u00e1hnout po vylo\u017een\u00ed. M\u011bla tak\u00e9 V\u2011tvarovan\u00fd k\u00edl pro lep\u0161\u00ed stabilitu a chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd \u0161nekov\u00fd pohon, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148oval man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u011blk\u00e9 vod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Postupem \u010dasu Higgins na z\u00e1klad\u011b podn\u011bt\u016f od mari\u0148\u00e1k\u016f provedl n\u011bkolik \u00faprav. V roce 1942 p\u0159idal k p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti rampu pro rychlej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstup, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikl model LCVP (Landing Craft, Vehicle and Personnel). Tato verze se stala zn\u00e1mou jako \u201eHigginsova lo\u010f\u201c a slou\u017eila jako standardn\u00ed v\u00fdsadkov\u00fd \u010dlun po zbytek v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n
Higgins byl ne\u00fanavn\u00fd a odhodlan\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce, kter\u00fd nep\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky nebral jako nepostradateln\u00e9. Proslavil se schopnost\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it zd\u00e1nliv\u011b ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a realizovat je efektivn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Jedna slavn\u00e1 anekdota se odehr\u00e1la, kdy\u017e ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo po\u017e\u00e1dalo, aby b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed dn\u016f p\u0159edlo\u017eil pl\u00e1ny nov\u00e9ho \u010dlunu. Higgins odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eDo pekla, postav\u00edm lo\u010f za t\u0159i dny.\u201c A pr\u00e1v\u011b tak i u\u010dinil.<\/p>\n\n
Higgins Industries, spole\u010dnost zalo\u017een\u00e1 Andrewem Higginsem, se b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky stala nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zam\u011bstnavatelem v oblasti New Orleans. Vyrobila v\u00edce ne\u017e 20\u202f000 v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f navr\u017een\u00fdch Higginsov\u00fdm designem, stejn\u011b jako PT \u010dluny, z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed lod\u011b a dal\u0161\u00ed specializovan\u00e1 plavidla pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Higginsovy tov\u00e1rny zam\u011bstn\u00e1valy r\u016fznorodou pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu, v\u010detn\u011b \u017een, men\u0161in a osob se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm, a p\u0159edstavovaly jedno z prvn\u00edch modern\u00edch integrovan\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165 v Americe.<\/p>\n\n
Higginsova lo\u010f sehr\u00e1la kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i \u0159ad\u011b amfibick\u00fdch v\u00fdsadk\u016f b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Byla vyu\u017eita p\u0159i vylod\u011bn\u00ed v Normandii (Den D), stejn\u011b jako v Sic\u00edlii, Anziu, Taraw\u011b, Iwo Jim\u011b, Saipanu, Okinaw\u011b, Peleliu a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00edch v evropsk\u00e9m i tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9m theateru operac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Schopnost Higginsovy lod\u011b rychle p\u0159epravovat voj\u00e1ky a techniku na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 b\u0159ehy poskytla spojenc\u016fm v\u00fdznamnou v\u00fdhodu p\u0159i amfibick\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
Higginsova lo\u010f zanechala trval\u00fd otisk v historii vojensk\u00e9 techniky. Revolu\u010dn\u011b zm\u011bnila amfibick\u00e9 boje a dodnes je symbolem americk\u00e9 inovace a vynal\u00e9zavosti. Andrew Jackson Higgins byl uveden do National Inventors Hall of Fame jako uzn\u00e1n\u00ed za sv\u016fj pr\u016flomov\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez.<\/p>\n\n
Dnes z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 20 origin\u00e1ln\u00edch Higginsov\u00fdch lod\u00ed. Jedna z nich je vystavena v s\u00eddle \u00da\u0159adu pro patenty a ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky USA a v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeu vyn\u00e1lezc\u016f v Alexandrii ve Virginii, kde p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 svou roli p\u0159i Dni D a v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed spojenc\u016f ve druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Higginsova lo\u010f: Vyn\u00e1lez, kter\u00fd revolu\u010dn\u011b zm\u011bnil amfibick\u00e9 boje b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Vyn\u00e1lez Higginsovy lod\u011b Uprost\u0159ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u010delilo americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu probl\u00e9mu: jak efektivn\u011b vykl\u00e1dat voj\u00e1ky a techniku…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[869],"tags":[1998,56,17754,4526,37,82],"class_list":["post-13167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-military-history","tag-amphibious-warfare","tag-world-war-ii","tag-higgins-boat","tag-naval-history","tag-innovation","tag-engineering"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13167"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25442,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13167\/revisions\/25442"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}