{"id":13173,"date":"2023-07-24T09:26:09","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T09:26:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13173"},"modified":"2023-07-24T09:26:09","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T09:26:09","slug":"the-petrified-forest-a-window-to-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/earth-science\/the-petrified-forest-a-window-to-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Zkamen\u011bl\u00fd les: Okno do minulosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Zkamen\u011bl\u00fd les: Okno do minulosti<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shermanovy kmeny: Odkaz zv\u011bdavosti<\/h2>\n\n<p>V srdci Smithsonova N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed historie stoj\u00ed dva starobyl\u00e9 kmeny strom\u016f jako n\u011bm\u00ed sv\u011bdci minul\u00e9 \u00e9ry. Tyto zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 kmeny, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201eShermanovy kmeny\u201c, byly shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny v roce 1879 na p\u0159\u00edkaz gener\u00e1la Williama Tecumseha Shermana. Jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm o v\u011bdeck\u00e9 zv\u011bdavosti, geologick\u00fdch divech a ochran\u011b na\u0161eho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Triasov\u00fd les zmrazen\u00fd v \u010dase<\/h2>\n\n<p>Shermanovy kmeny vze\u0161ly z prehistorick\u00e9ho lesa, kter\u00fd se rozkl\u00e1dal v Arizon\u011b b\u011bhem triasov\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed, p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 miliony lety. Tyto obrovsk\u00e9 jehli\u010dnany, ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161ky 200 stop, byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu pln\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Klima bylo tropick\u00e9, sez\u00f3nn\u00ed megamonzoony prom\u011bnily such\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed koryta v bou\u0159liv\u00e9 \u0159eky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Megamonzoony a z\u00e1nik lesa<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jednoho osudn\u00e9ho dne vyslala obrovsk\u00e1 sope\u010dn\u00e1 erupce popel a \u00falomky do p\u0159et\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0159ek. Povod\u0148ov\u00e9 vody se p\u0159evalily p\u0159es nivu, vyvr\u00e1tily stromy a poh\u0159bily je pod vrstvami sedimentu. Chr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159ed rozkladem sope\u010dn\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly, stromy postupn\u011b zkamen\u011bly, jejich d\u0159evo bylo nahrazeno tvrd\u00fdm kamenem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objev a sb\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>O stalet\u00ed pozd\u011bji, v roce 1878, gener\u00e1l Sherman, tehdej\u0161\u00ed spr\u00e1vce Smithsonovy instituce, zahl\u00e9dl na \u00fazem\u00ed Arizony \u201emimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 exempl\u00e1\u0159e\u201c zkamen\u011bl\u00e9ho d\u0159eva. Na\u0159\u00eddil sv\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm, aby sb\u00edrali dva kmeny pro vystaven\u00ed v muzeu. V roce 1879 se poru\u010d\u00edk J. F. C. Hegewald vydal na nebezpe\u010dnou cestu, aby kmeny z\u00edskal, a setkal se s kmeny Navajo, kter\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ily, \u017ee zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 d\u0159evo m\u00e1 duchovn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzvy ochrany<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 d\u0159evo je sice vysoce odoln\u00e9, ale nen\u00ed imunn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Koncem 19. stolet\u00ed \u010delil zkamen\u011bl\u00fd les \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se exploataci, proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 se sna\u017eili z tohoto jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho zdroje profitovat. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed prodejci nakupovali kmeny na v\u00fdrobu desek stol\u016f a spole\u010dnosti je pou\u017e\u00edvaly k v\u00fdrob\u011b smirku a dal\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ochrana a ochrana<\/h2>\n\n<p>Prezident Teddy Roosevelt si uv\u011bdomil pot\u0159ebu ochrany a v roce 1906 ustanovil zkamen\u011bl\u00fd les jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u00e1tku. Teprve v roce 1962, za prezidenta Johna F. Kennedyho, v\u0161ak tato oblast z\u00edskala pln\u00fd status n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku. Dnes N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Petrified Forest chr\u00e1n\u00ed starobyl\u00e9 zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 kmeny a okoln\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Okno do minulosti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 d\u0159evo zkamen\u011bl\u00e9ho lesa poskytuje v\u011bdc\u016fm pohled do vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 minulosti. Kmeny obsahuj\u00ed zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 hmyz, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee v\u010dely mohly existovat dlouho p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se vyvinuly kv\u011btiny. Odhaluj\u00ed tak\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o dal\u0161\u00edch starov\u011bk\u00fdch rostlin\u00e1ch a zv\u00ed\u0159atech, co\u017e n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sestavit slo\u017eit\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd kdysi v t\u00e9to oblasti vzkv\u00e9tal.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdzvy<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159es ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed parku i nad\u00e1le \u010del\u00ed zkamen\u011bl\u00fd les v\u00fdzv\u00e1m. Nez\u00e1konn\u00fd sb\u011br zkamen\u011bl\u00e9ho d\u0159eva z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se odhaduje, \u017ee n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed suven\u00fdry, ro\u010dn\u011b odstra\u0148uj\u00ed 12-14 tun. Str\u00e1\u017eci parku ne\u00fanavn\u011b pracuj\u00ed na vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky o d\u016fle\u017eitosti ochrany tohoto jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho zdroje.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odkaz Shermanov\u00fdch kmen\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Shermanovy kmeny jsou sv\u011bdectv\u00edm trval\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed historii a d\u016fle\u017eitosti ochrany na\u0161eho geologick\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost ve Smithsonov\u011b muzeu umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm spojit se se starov\u011bk\u00fdm sv\u011btem a ocenit jeho kr\u00e1su a v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Kdy\u017e i nad\u00e1le studujeme a chr\u00e1n\u00edme zkamen\u011bl\u00fd les, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me neoceniteln\u00e9 poznatky o v\u00fdvoji \u017eivota na Zemi a trval\u00e9 s\u00edle p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zkamen\u011bl\u00fd les: Okno do minulosti Shermanovy kmeny: Odkaz zv\u011bdavosti V srdci Smithsonova N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed historie stoj\u00ed dva starobyl\u00e9 kmeny strom\u016f jako n\u011bm\u00ed sv\u011bdci minul\u00e9 \u00e9ry. Tyto zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 kmeny, zn\u00e1m\u00e9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[239,924,207,137,2432,141,17762,99,17761],"class_list":["post-13173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-fossils","tag-nature-photography","tag-geology","tag-paleontology","tag-prehistoric-life","tag-natural-history","tag-sherman-logs","tag-lifescienceart","tag-petrified-forest"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13173"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13174,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13173\/revisions\/13174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}