{"id":13217,"date":"2020-05-30T19:11:03","date_gmt":"2020-05-30T19:11:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13217"},"modified":"2020-05-30T19:11:03","modified_gmt":"2020-05-30T19:11:03","slug":"tyrannosaurus-rex-linked-to-birds-through-molecular-evidence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/natural-history\/tyrannosaurus-rex-linked-to-birds-through-molecular-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"Tyrannosaurus Rex: Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u016fkazy o p\u0159\u00edbuznosti s pt\u00e1ky"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tyrannosaurus rex: Spojen s pt\u00e1ky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm molekul\u00e1rn\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objev nefosilizovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 2003 ud\u011blali paleontologov\u00e9 Jack Horner a Mary Schweitzerov\u00e1 pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev. P\u0159i vykop\u00e1vk\u00e1ch na odlehl\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v Montan\u011b n\u00e1hodn\u011b nalezli nefosilizovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l uvnit\u0159 kosti Tyrannosaura rexe (T. rex). Tento objev poskytl jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost z\u00edskat molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed poznatky o tomto z\u00e1hadn\u00e9m dinosaurovi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u016fkazy potvrzuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuznost dinosaur\u016f a pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed v\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali \u00fazk\u00fd vztah mezi dinosaury a pt\u00e1ky na z\u00e1klad\u011b anatomick\u00fdch podobnost\u00ed. Av\u0161ak nov\u00e9 molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u016fkazy z kosti T. rexe toto spojen\u00ed potvrdily. Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm kolagenu, co\u017e je struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed protein nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010di\u0161\u00edch, zjistili v\u011bdci, \u017ee kolagen T. rexe se nejv\u00edce podobal kolagenu ku\u0159at a p\u0161tros\u016f. Tento objev definitivn\u011b stanovil pta\u010d\u00ed linii Tyrannosaura rexe.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anal\u00fdza kolagenu: Okno do evolu\u010dn\u00edch vztah\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kolagen je protein, kter\u00fd hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli ve struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed podpo\u0159e. Anal\u00fdzou sekvence aminokyselin v kolagenu z T. rexe a porovn\u00e1n\u00edm s 21 \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi druhy, v\u010detn\u011b lid\u00ed, \u0161impanz\u016f, my\u0161\u00ed, ku\u0159at, p\u0161tros\u016f, alig\u00e1tor\u016f a losos\u016f, mohli v\u011bdci ur\u010dit evolu\u010dn\u00ed vztahy mezi t\u011bmito organismy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slepice a p\u0161trosi: Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed T. rexe<\/h2>\n\n<p>Anal\u00fdza kolagenu uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee T. rex sd\u00edlel nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed shodu v kolagenu se slepicemi a p\u0161trosi. Tento objev nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tito pt\u00e1ci jsou nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi Tyrannosaura rexe. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak zd\u016fraznili, \u017ee jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fadaje, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit druh pt\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd je nejv\u00edce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd tomuto slavn\u00e9mu maso\u017eravci.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce Roberta Bakkera<\/h2>\n\n<p>V 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed sehr\u00e1la kniha paleontologa Roberta Bakkera &#8220;The Dinosaur Heresies&#8221; v\u00fdznamnou roli ve zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edho pohledu na dinosaury jako pomal\u00e9, chladnokrevn\u00e9 plazy. Bakker navrhl, \u017ee dinosau\u0159i byli rychl\u00ed, mr\u0161tn\u00ed a podobn\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016fm, co\u017e byla my\u0161lenka, kterou pozd\u011bji zpopularizoval film Jursk\u00fd park.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jursk\u00fd park: Nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do sv\u011bta dinosaur\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Film Jursk\u00fd park p\u0159inesl my\u0161lenku inteligentn\u00edch, pt\u00e1k\u016fm podobn\u00fdch dinosaur\u016f \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu publiku. P\u0159esto\u017ee si film vzal tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed svobodu s v\u011bdeckou p\u0159esnost\u00ed, vzbudil z\u00e1jem ve\u0159ejnosti o dinosaury a paleontologii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev nefosilizovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu T. rexe a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza kolagenu poskytly cenn\u00e9 poznatky o evolu\u010dn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch mezi dinosaury a pt\u00e1ky. Je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit p\u0159esn\u00fd druh pt\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd je nejv\u00edce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd T. rexovi, a odhalit v\u00edce podrobnost\u00ed o evoluci tohoto ikonick\u00e9ho dinosaura.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tyrannosaurus rex je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd suchozemsk\u00fd maso\u017eravec, kter\u00fd kdy \u017eil.<\/li>\n<li>Slepice a p\u0161trosi jsou p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 jen vzd\u00e1len\u011b, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 T. rexe mohou b\u00fdt slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se p\u016fvodn\u011b myslelo.<\/li>\n<li>Objev nefosilizovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu T. rexe zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam n\u00e1hody a vytrvalosti ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu.<\/li>\n<li>Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u016fkazy, jako je anal\u00fdza kolagenu, jsou mocn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro pochopen\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00edch vztah\u016f a historie \u017eivota na Zemi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tyrannosaurus rex: Spojen s pt\u00e1ky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm molekul\u00e1rn\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f Objev nefosilizovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu V roce 2003 ud\u011blali paleontologov\u00e9 Jack Horner a Mary Schweitzerov\u00e1 pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev. P\u0159i vykop\u00e1vk\u00e1ch na odlehl\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v Montan\u011b&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[134,136,908,137,930,664],"class_list":["post-13217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-dinosaurs","tag-evolution","tag-molecular-biology","tag-paleontology","tag-birds","tag-tyrannosaurus-rex"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13217"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13218,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13217\/revisions\/13218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}