V \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0442n\u00fdch prostorech kosmu se astronomov\u00e9 stali sv\u011bdky bezprecedentn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 pod\u00edvan\u00e9: nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozorovan\u00e9 supernovy. Tato nebesk\u00e1 exploze ozna\u010den\u00e1 jako ASASSN-15lh vyza\u0159uje sv\u011btlo 570 miliardkr\u00e1t jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na\u0161e Slunce a zpochyb\u0148uje tak hranice toho, co v\u011bdci pova\u017euj\u00ed za mo\u017en\u00e9 u t\u011bchto mocn\u00fdch hv\u011bzdn\u00fdch v\u00fdbuch\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
ASASSN-15lh pat\u0159\u00ed do vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 skupiny nadsv\u011bteln\u00fdch supernov, kter\u00e9 jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou extr\u00e9mn\u00ed jasnost\u00ed. Av\u0161ak pr\u00e1v\u011b tato supernova vynik\u00e1 jako nejsv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed, jak\u00e1 kdy byla zaznamen\u00e1na, a p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161echny p\u0159edchoz\u00ed rekordy. Jej\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed jas byl tak intenzivn\u00ed, \u017ee kdyby byla stejn\u011b bl\u00edzko jako S\u00edrius, nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzda na na\u0161\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed obloze, zast\u00ednila by Slunce na obloze.<\/p>\n\n
Tato nadsv\u011bteln\u00e1 supernova se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v galaxii vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3,8 miliardy sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. I p\u0159es svou obrovskou vzd\u00e1lenost umo\u017enila jej\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 jasnost astronom\u016fm jej\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed s neb\u00fdval\u00fdmi detaily. P\u0159esn\u00e1 povaha hv\u011bzdy p\u0159edch\u016fdce, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobila tuto obrovskou explozi, v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1hadou.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci navrhli dv\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u016fvodu ASASSN-15lh. Jedna teorie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ji mohl spustit kolaps masivn\u00ed hv\u011bzdy, kter\u00e1 byla stokr\u00e1t hmotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na\u0161e Slunce. Takov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy jsou extr\u00e9mn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a m\u00e1lo prozkouman\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
Alternativn\u011b mohl v\u00fdbuch poch\u00e1zet z magnetick\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy, co\u017e je rychle rotuj\u00edc\u00ed neutronov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda s neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b siln\u00fdm magnetick\u00fdm polem. Pokud je tato hypot\u00e9za spr\u00e1vn\u00e1, musela by se magnetick\u00e1 hv\u011bzda ot\u00e1\u010det ohromnou rychlost\u00ed a dokon\u010dit jednu ot\u00e1\u010dku ka\u017edou milisekundu, co\u017e je v\u00fdkon, kter\u00fd v\u011bt\u0161ina teoretik\u016f pova\u017euje za sotva mo\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n
Astronomov\u00e9 nad\u00e1le studuj\u00ed ASASSN-15lh v nad\u011bji, \u017ee odhal\u00ed jej\u00ed skute\u010dnou podstatu. Anal\u00fdzou jej\u00edho spektra a dal\u0161\u00edch pozorovac\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f se sna\u017e\u00ed identifikovat p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 prvky a z\u00edskat poznatky o procesech, kter\u00e9 vedly k jej\u00edmu vzniku.<\/p>\n\n
Pochopen\u00ed p\u016fvodu t\u00e9to nadsv\u011bteln\u00e9 supernovy m\u00e1 dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje hv\u011bzd a mez\u00ed supernov\u00fdch exploz\u00ed. Zpochyb\u0148uje st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed teorie a posouv\u00e1 hranice na\u0161ich znalost\u00ed o vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch aspekt\u016f studia vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch supernov je jev rud\u00e9ho posuvu. Kdy\u017e sv\u011btlo putuje ze vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed k Zemi, jeho vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka se prodlu\u017euje v d\u016fsledku rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Toto prodlou\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee sv\u011btlo vypad\u00e1 \u010derven\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, odtud n\u00e1zev \u201erud\u00fd posuv\u201c.<\/p>\n\n
Spektroskopie, anal\u00fdza vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky sv\u011btla, hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i interpretaci slo\u017een\u00ed supernov. Zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm jedine\u010dn\u00fdch spektr\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010dar vyza\u0159ovan\u00fdch r\u016fzn\u00fdmi prvky mohou astronomov\u00e9 ur\u010dit chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed hv\u011bzdy p\u0159edch\u016fdce a z\u00edskat poznatky o procesech, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaly b\u011bhem exploze.<\/p>\n\n
ASASSN-15lh nen\u00ed prvn\u00ed objeven\u00e1 nadsv\u011bteln\u00e1 supernova. V posledn\u00edch letech astronomov\u00e9 pozorovali n\u011bkolik podobn\u00fdch mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 posunula hranice na\u0161eho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed. Studiem t\u011bchto extr\u00e9mn\u00edch supernov doufaj\u00ed v\u011bdci, \u017ee z\u00edskaj\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed t\u011bch nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kosmick\u00fdch exploz\u00ed a v\u00fdvoje hmotn\u00fdch hv\u011bzd.<\/p>\n\n
Objevy jako ASASSN-15lh n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed neomezen\u00e9 kouzlo a \u00fa\u017eas astronomie. Je to obor, kter\u00fd neust\u00e1le zpochyb\u0148uje na\u0161e p\u0159edpoklady a posouv\u00e1 hranice na\u0161ich znalost\u00ed o vesm\u00edru. Studiem t\u011bchto nebesk\u00fdch jev\u016f nejen roz\u0161i\u0159ujeme sv\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed kosmu, ale tak\u00e9 inspirujeme budouc\u00ed generace objevitel\u016f a v\u011bdc\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozorovan\u00e1 supernova: Posouv\u00e1n\u00ed hranic fyziky Objev mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti V \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0442n\u00fdch prostorech kosmu se astronomov\u00e9 stali sv\u011bdky bezprecedentn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 pod\u00edvan\u00e9: nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozorovan\u00e9 supernovy. Tato nebesk\u00e1 exploze ozna\u010den\u00e1 jako ASASSN-15lh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[437],"tags":[436,435,217,697,434,16348],"class_list":["post-13231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy","tag-astrophysics","tag-astronomy","tag-physics","tag-cosmology","tag-space-exploration","tag-supernova"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13231"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13232,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13231\/revisions\/13232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}