\u017divo\u010dichov\u00e9 se \u0161patn\u00fdm zrakem vyvinuli jedine\u010dn\u00e9 adaptace, aby mohli vid\u011bt v tmav\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jednou z t\u011bchto adaptac\u00ed je okno ko\u017eatky do nebe, neobvykle tenk\u00e1 oblast kosti na temeni jej\u00ed lebky. Toto okno umo\u017e\u0148uje sv\u011btlu dos\u00e1hnout \u0161i\u0161inky ko\u017eatky, struktury, kter\u00e1 reguluje sp\u00e1nek a dal\u0161\u00ed cyklick\u00e9 aktivity.<\/p>\n\n
U v\u011bt\u0161iny obratlovc\u016f \u0161i\u017einka vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 okoln\u00ed sv\u011btlo k regulaci sp\u00e1nku a dal\u0161\u00edch cyklick\u00fdch aktivit. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f, jako jsou plazi a oboj\u017eiveln\u00edci, se v\u0161ak \u0161i\u017einka vyvinula ve t\u0159et\u00ed oko, kompletn\u00ed s \u010do\u010dkou a s\u00edtnic\u00ed. Toto t\u0159et\u00ed oko se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed denn\u00edho sv\u011btla a ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed denn\u00ed doby.<\/p>\n\n
Ko\u017eatka je jedin\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd \u017eivo\u010dich, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 okno do nebe m\u00edsto t\u0159et\u00edho oka. Okno se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na temeni lebky ko\u017eatky, t\u011bsn\u011b pod m\u00edstem s nepigmentovanou k\u016f\u017e\u00ed. To umo\u017e\u0148uje sv\u011btlu proniknout p\u0159\u00edmo do \u0161i\u0161inky.<\/p>\n\n
Ko\u017eatka vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 okno do nebe k detekci zm\u011bn ve sv\u011btle s dlouhou vlnovou d\u00e9lkou. Tyto informace umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed ko\u017eatce vypo\u010d\u00edtat \u201eekvilux\u201c, den, kdy je z\u00e1pad a v\u00fdchod slunce p\u0159esn\u011b 12 hodin od sebe. To je spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1l pro migraci ne\u017e teplota vody nebo intenzita sv\u011btla. Ko\u017eatky, kter\u00e9 se \u017eiv\u00ed v severn\u00edm Atlantiku, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ekvilux, aby v\u011bd\u011bly, kdy se maj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 podzimn\u00ed obdob\u00ed vydat na jih.<\/p>\n\n
Evoluce vybavila mnoho \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f fotoreceptory v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech jejich t\u011bl, aby reagovali na sv\u011btlo. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed hadi maj\u00ed fotoreceptory v ocasech, aby se ujistili, \u017ee se p\u0159i \u00fakrytu zcela schovaj\u00ed do jeskyn\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mot\u00fdli maj\u00ed sv\u011btlo\u010divn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky v sam\u010d\u00edch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1nech, aby zabr\u00e1nili ejakulaci venku. N\u011bkter\u00e9 kor\u00e1ly cykluj\u00ed svou reprodukci na z\u00e1klad\u011b mno\u017estv\u00ed modr\u00e9ho sv\u011btla b\u011bhem druh\u00e9ho \u00fapl\u0148ku na ja\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n
Okno ko\u017eatky do nebe je pozoruhodnou adaptac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 j\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje detekovat okoln\u00ed sv\u011btlo a ur\u010dit denn\u00ed dobu. Tyto informace jsou pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed ko\u017eatky z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, proto\u017ee je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k regulaci sv\u00fdch sp\u00e1nkov\u00fdch a migra\u010dn\u00edch vzorc\u016f. Objev okna do nebe zd\u016fraz\u0148uje rozmanit\u00e9 a d\u016fmysln\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, kter\u00fdmi se zv\u00ed\u0159ata vyvinula, aby vn\u00edmala sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed a reagovala na n\u011bj.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Okno ko\u017eatky do nebe: unik\u00e1tn\u00ed adaptace pro detekci okoln\u00edho sv\u011btla \u00davod \u017divo\u010dichov\u00e9 se \u0161patn\u00fdm zrakem vyvinuli jedine\u010dn\u00e9 adaptace, aby mohli vid\u011bt v tmav\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jednou z t\u011bchto adaptac\u00ed je okno…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[2706,293,136,17882,361,141,17883,8489],"class_list":["post-13268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-animal-adaptations","tag-circadian-rhythm","tag-evolution","tag-leatherback-turtles","tag-marine-biology","tag-natural-history","tag-pineal-gland","tag-vision"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13268"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13269,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13268\/revisions\/13269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}