{"id":13321,"date":"2024-02-06T08:14:55","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T08:14:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13321"},"modified":"2024-02-06T08:14:55","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T08:14:55","slug":"male-female-navigation-differences-testosterone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/cognitive-science\/male-female-navigation-differences-testosterone\/","title":{"rendered":"Prostorov\u00e1 navigace: Rozd\u00edly mezi pohlav\u00edmi a role testosteronu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prostorov\u00e1 navigace: Rozd\u00edly mezi pohlav\u00edmi a role testosteronu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti: Mu\u017esk\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda<\/h2>\n\n<p>Je b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee mu\u017ei maj\u00ed tendenci m\u00edt lep\u0161\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se \u017eenami. Tento jev byl zaznamen\u00e1n u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f, ale jeho p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasn\u00e1. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci nazna\u010dili, \u017ee tato mu\u017esk\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda je d\u016fsledkem evolu\u010dn\u00ed adaptace, kdy mu\u017ei s lep\u0161\u00edmi naviga\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi m\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a reproduk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evolu\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhoda nebo hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise The Quarterly Review of Biology v\u0161ak tuto evolu\u010dn\u00ed hypot\u00e9zu zpochyb\u0148uje. V\u011bdci zkoumali 35 studi\u00ed o teritori\u00e1ln\u00edch oblastech a prostorov\u00fdch schopnostech u lid\u00ed a n\u011bkolika \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b s\u00e9pi\u00ed, jelen\u00edch my\u0161\u00ed, kon\u00ed, laboratorn\u00edch my\u0161\u00ed, hrabo\u0161\u016f poln\u00edch, hrabo\u0161\u016f borov\u00fdch, hrabo\u0161\u016f pr\u00e9rijn\u00edch, krys, makak\u016f rhesus a tuco-tuc\u016f talassk\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n<p>jejich zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee u osmi z jeden\u00e1cti druh\u016f vykazovali samci m\u00edrn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed prostorov\u00e9 schopnosti ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se samicemi. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tato v\u00fdhoda byla pozorov\u00e1na bez ohledu na velikost teritoria nebo do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry sam\u010d\u00ed oblasti p\u0159evy\u0161ovaly oblasti sami\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kdyby navigace byla skute\u010dn\u011b evolu\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou, o\u010dek\u00e1valo by se, \u017ee i samice budou vykazovat podobn\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed schopnosti. Studie v\u0161ak nena\u0161la \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy podporuj\u00edc\u00ed tuto hypot\u00e9zu. V\u011bdci m\u00edsto toho navrhuj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed: \u017ee rozd\u00edly mezi pohlav\u00edmi v prostorov\u00e9 kognici mohou b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeny hormon\u00e1ln\u00edmi vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Testosteron a navigace<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159edchoz\u00ed studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed testosteron, maj\u00ed tendenci poci\u0165ovat zlep\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00fdch prostorov\u00fdch naviga\u010dn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee hormony, zejm\u00e9na testosteron, mohou hr\u00e1t roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto kognitivn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hormony jako hnac\u00ed s\u00edla<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee hypot\u00e9za o hormon\u00e1ln\u00edch vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch je l\u00e9pe podpo\u0159ena \u00fadaji ne\u017e hypot\u00e9za o evolu\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhod\u011b. Poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee kdyby se navigace objevila jako adaptivn\u00ed znak u mu\u017e\u016f, objevila by se tak\u00e9 u \u017een, pokud by n\u00e1hodou nebyla pro \u017eeny \u0161kodliv\u00e1. Neexistuj\u00ed v\u0161ak \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 by nazna\u010dovaly, \u017ee navigace je pro \u017eeny \u0161kodliv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed intuitivn\u00edch vysv\u011btlen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00edm na zd\u00e1nliv\u011b intuitivn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi pohlav\u00edmi v prostorov\u00e9 navigaci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edstava, \u017ee mu\u017ei vyvinuli mozky l\u00e9pe uzp\u016fsoben\u00e9 k navigaci, nebo \u017ee \u017eeny proch\u00e1zej\u00ed menopauzou, aby mohly tr\u00e1vit v\u00edce \u010dasu p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o vnou\u010data, se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t v\u011brohodn\u00e1, ale je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ji v\u011bdecky otestovat a ov\u011b\u0159it.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implikace pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi pohlav\u00edmi<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to studie maj\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi pohlav\u00edmi v kognitivn\u00edch schopnostech. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e evolu\u010dn\u00ed adaptace, mohou hr\u00e1t v\u00fdznamnou roli v utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto rozd\u00edl\u016f. Tyto znalosti n\u00e1m mohou pomoci l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 interakci mezi biologi\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Studie zkoumala \u0159adu \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mu\u017esk\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda v prostorov\u00e9 navigaci m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm jevem v r\u016fzn\u00fdch taxonech.<\/li>\n<li>Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd by d\u00e1le zkoumal hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismy, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi pohlav\u00edmi v prostorov\u00e9 kognici.<\/li>\n<li>Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto rozd\u00edl\u016f n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci vyvinout \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategie pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed a v\u00fdcvikov\u00e9 programy, kter\u00e9 vyhovuj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fdm kognitivn\u00edm siln\u00fdm a slab\u00fdm str\u00e1nk\u00e1m mu\u017e\u016f i \u017een.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prostorov\u00e1 navigace: Rozd\u00edly mezi pohlav\u00edmi a role testosteronu Naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti: Mu\u017esk\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda Je b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee mu\u017ei maj\u00ed tendenci m\u00edt lep\u0161\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se \u017eenami. Tento jev byl&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1222],"tags":[17969,3020,1395,17967,17966,17968],"class_list":["post-13321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cognitive-science","tag-evolutionary-psychology","tag-hormones","tag-cognitive-neuroscience","tag-sex-differences","tag-spatial-navigation","tag-testosterone"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13321"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13322,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13321\/revisions\/13322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}