{"id":13341,"date":"2019-04-28T04:55:34","date_gmt":"2019-04-28T04:55:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13341"},"modified":"2019-04-28T04:55:34","modified_gmt":"2019-04-28T04:55:34","slug":"menopause-can-we-blame-men","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/biology\/menopause-can-we-blame-men\/","title":{"rendered":"Menopauza: M\u016f\u017eeme vinit mu\u017ee?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Menopauza: M\u016f\u017eeme vinit mu\u017ee?<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je menopauza?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Menopauza je p\u0159irozen\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd se u \u017een obvykle odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 mezi 45. a 55. rokem \u017eivota. Znamen\u00e1 konec plodn\u00fdch let \u017eeny a je charakterizov\u00e1na poklesem produkce hormon\u016f estrogenu a progesteronu. Tento pokles vede k \u0159ad\u011b fyzick\u00fdch a emo\u010dn\u00edch zm\u011bn, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>n\u00e1valy horka<\/li>\n<li>pot\u00ed\u017ee se span\u00edm<\/li>\n<li>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd z\u00e1jem o sex<\/li>\n<li>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 vagin\u00e1ln\u00ed infekce<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdkyvy n\u00e1lad<\/li>\n<li>\u00fanava<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u010d m\u00e1me menopauzu?<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci dlouho diskutovali o d\u016fvodech, pro\u010d maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 menopauzu. Jednou b\u011b\u017enou hypot\u00e9zou je <strong>hypot\u00e9za babi\u010dky<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee menopauza vznikla, aby umo\u017enila star\u0161\u00edm \u017een\u00e1m pom\u00e1hat vychov\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 vnou\u010data, a tak zv\u00fd\u0161it \u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed jejich gen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise PLOS Computational Biology v\u0161ak tuto hypot\u00e9zu zpochyb\u0148uje. Hlavn\u00ed autor studie Rama Singh tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee hypot\u00e9za babi\u010dky nevysv\u011btluje, jak se genetick\u00e1 mutace zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed sterilitu u star\u0161\u00edch \u017een stala v\u016fbec tak b\u011b\u017enou.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mu\u017esk\u00e1 volba partnera a menopauza<\/h2>\n\n<p>Singhova studie navrhuje jinou hypot\u00e9zu: \u017ee <strong>mu\u017esk\u00e1 volba partnera<\/strong> mohla hr\u00e1t roli v evoluci menopauzy. Mu\u017ei maj\u00ed tendenci preferovat jako partnerky mlad\u0161\u00ed \u017eeny a tato preference mohla v\u00e9st k hromad\u011bn\u00ed mutac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu po\u0161kodily plodnost star\u0161\u00edch \u017een.<\/p>\n\n<p>Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 simulace studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee kdy\u017e byla do modelu p\u0159id\u00e1na mu\u017esk\u00e1 volba partnera, do\u0161lo ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed mutac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sni\u017eovaly plodnost u star\u0161\u00edch \u017een. Tyto mutace se nakonec ust\u00e1lily v populaci a vedly k evoluci menopauzy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fkazy pro hypot\u00e9zu mu\u017esk\u00e9 volby partnera<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco hypot\u00e9za mu\u017esk\u00e9 volby partnera je st\u00e1le teori\u00ed, existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 ji podporuj\u00ed. Studie nap\u0159\u00edklad uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee mu\u017ei s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed hodnot\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00ed \u017eeny jako atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Mu\u017ei nav\u00edc \u010dast\u011bji maj\u00ed d\u011bti s mlad\u0161\u00edmi \u017eenami ne\u017e se star\u0161\u00edmi \u017eenami.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Menopauza u jin\u00fdch druh\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Lid\u00e9 nejsou jedin\u00fdm druhem, kter\u00fd pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 menopauzu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed prim\u00e1ti, jako jsou makakov\u00e9 rhesus a \u0161impanzi, tak\u00e9 proch\u00e1z\u00ed menopauzou. Menopauza je v\u0161ak <strong>t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jedine\u010dn\u011b lidsk\u00e1<\/strong> v tom, \u017ee se objevuje tak pozd\u011b v \u017eivot\u011b. D\u016fvody tohoto rozd\u00edlu nejsou zcela pochopeny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esn\u00e9 d\u016fvody, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed menopauzu, jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem debaty. Hypot\u00e9za mu\u017esk\u00e9 volby partnera je v\u0161ak slibnou novou teori\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by mohla pomoci tento evolu\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e9bus vysv\u011btlit.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Menopauza: M\u016f\u017eeme vinit mu\u017ee? Co je menopauza? Menopauza je p\u0159irozen\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd se u \u017een obvykle odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 mezi 45. a 55. rokem \u017eivota. Znamen\u00e1 konec plodn\u00fdch let \u017eeny a je&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[17993,136,16088,17992],"class_list":["post-13341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-grandmother-hypothesis","tag-evolution","tag-menopause","tag-male-mate-choice"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13341"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13342,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13341\/revisions\/13342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}