{"id":13345,"date":"2024-08-17T06:16:54","date_gmt":"2024-08-17T06:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13345"},"modified":"2024-08-17T06:16:54","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T06:16:54","slug":"penguin-waddling-obesity-walking-mechanics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/animal-adaptations\/penguin-waddling-obesity-walking-mechanics\/","title":{"rendered":"Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f: Vliv obezity na jejich ch\u016fzi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f: Jak obezita ovliv\u0148uje mechaniku ch\u016fze<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed: Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdm charakteristick\u00fdm kol\u00e9bav\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ch\u016fze. Tento pohyb ze strany na stranu je jedine\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u011b se pohybovat v jejich ledov\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy v\u0161ak odhalily, \u017ee kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u00edce ne\u017e jen komick\u00fd pohled; hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v obdob\u00ed p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzva ch\u016fze po sou\u0161i<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci ladn\u00fdmi plavci, ch\u016fze po sou\u0161i pro n\u011b p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dnou v\u00fdzvu. Jejich torp\u00e9dovit\u00e9 t\u011blo, optimalizovan\u00e9 pro plav\u00e1n\u00ed, zt\u011b\u017euje ch\u016fzi. Tato v\u00fdzva je je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed u ob\u00e9zn\u00edch tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nesou nadv\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vliv obezity na ch\u016fzi tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studie prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee ob\u00e9zn\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e jejich \u0161t\u00edhlej\u0161\u00ed prot\u011bj\u0161ky. P\u0159i ch\u016fzi se v\u00edce kym\u00e1cej\u00ed ze strany na stranu, aby udr\u017eeli rovnov\u00e1hu. Toto zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed jim pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet p\u00e1d\u016fm a \u0161et\u0159it energii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed v \u00faspo\u0159e energie<\/h2>\n\n<p>V obdob\u00ed p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed se tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed na dlouh\u00e9 cesty do vnitrozem\u00ed, aby se rozmno\u017eovali. P\u0159ed odchodem zkonzumuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ryb, aby si vytvo\u0159ili tukov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby, kter\u00e9 je udr\u017e\u00ed b\u011bhem jejich m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fstu. Tato dodate\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00e1ha, nezbytn\u00e1 pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee zt\u00ed\u017eit ch\u016fzi.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00edm a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm v\u00edce krok\u016f ob\u00e9zn\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci efektivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u016fj hybn\u00fd moment k tomu, aby se pohybovali vp\u0159ed. Tato energeticky \u00fasporn\u00e1 ch\u016fze jim umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161et\u0159it vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zdroje na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzvy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed jen zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm, je nezbytn\u00e9 pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f. Umo\u017e\u0148uje jim:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Udr\u017eet rovnov\u00e1hu:<\/strong> Pohyb ze strany na stranu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016fm z\u016fstat ve vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 poloze v nerovn\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edch\u00e1zet p\u00e1d\u016fm:<\/strong> Ob\u00e9zn\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci jsou n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k p\u00e1d\u016fm, ale kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed sni\u017euje riziko t\u00edm, \u017ee zaji\u0161\u0165uje stabilitu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0160et\u0159it energii:<\/strong> Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed je energeticky \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob ch\u016fze ne\u017e ch\u016fze, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016fm \u0161et\u0159it energii na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fakoly, jako je p\u00e9\u010de o ml\u00e1\u010fata a vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se pred\u00e1tor\u016fm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdcvik tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f v kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed na b\u011b\u017eeck\u00fdch p\u00e1sech<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studium kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f v kontrolovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch p\u0159edstavovalo pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky jedine\u010dnou v\u00fdzvu. Aby mohli pozorovat mechaniku jejich ch\u016fze, v\u011bdci navrhli experiment, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m kr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci chodili na b\u011b\u017eeck\u00fdch p\u00e1sech.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00fdcvik tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f v ch\u016fzi na b\u011b\u017eeck\u00fdch p\u00e1sech vy\u017eadoval trp\u011blivost a vytrvalost. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci byli zpo\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1hav\u00ed nebo m\u011bli pot\u00ed\u017ee s udr\u017een\u00edm st\u00e1l\u00e9ho tempa. \u010casem a \u00fasil\u00edm se v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f nau\u010dila kol\u00e9bat na m\u00edst\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Poznatky z experiment\u016f s b\u011b\u017eeck\u00fdmi p\u00e1sy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Experimenty s b\u011b\u017eeck\u00fdmi p\u00e1sy poskytly cenn\u00e9 poznatky o mechanice kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ob\u00e9zn\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci se kol\u00e9baj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011bji ne\u017e \u0161t\u00edhl\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci.<\/li>\n<li>Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016fm udr\u017eet rovnov\u00e1hu a p\u0159edch\u00e1zet p\u00e1d\u016fm.<\/li>\n<li>Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed je energeticky \u00fasporn\u00fd zp\u016fsob ch\u016fze, kter\u00fd \u0161et\u0159\u00ed zdroje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tyto poznatky p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k na\u0161emu ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f a zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdznam kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed pro jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a reproduk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f: Jak obezita ovliv\u0148uje mechaniku ch\u016fze Kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed: Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdm charakteristick\u00fdm kol\u00e9bav\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ch\u016fze. Tento pohyb ze strany na stranu je jedine\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uje&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17998],"tags":[15688,17997,457,1839,17995,17996],"class_list":["post-13345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-adaptations","tag-energy-conservation","tag-walking-mechanics","tag-obesity","tag-survival","tag-penguin","tag-waddling"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13345"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13346,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13345\/revisions\/13346"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}