{"id":13349,"date":"2020-03-31T04:34:55","date_gmt":"2020-03-31T04:34:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13349"},"modified":"2020-03-31T04:34:55","modified_gmt":"2020-03-31T04:34:55","slug":"0a383da875eb45c50f57fdd6fbf95953","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/animal-science\/0a383da875eb45c50f57fdd6fbf95953\/","title":{"rendered":"Gorily vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed nov\u00fd zvuk \u201efoukanec\u201c, aby upoutaly pozornost sv\u00fdch o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gorily vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed nov\u00fd zvuk \u201ek\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, aby z\u00edskaly pozornost sv\u00fdch o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Gorily v zajet\u00ed se u\u010d\u00ed komunikovat s lidmi<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159ed lety si Dr. Roberta Salmi, bioantropolo\u017eka v zoo v Atlant\u011b, v\u0161imla neobvykl\u00e9ho zvuku vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho od goril. Kdy\u017e se o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eili s j\u00eddlem, gorily otev\u0159ely doko\u0159\u00e1n tlamy a vydaly teatr\u00e1ln\u00ed zvuk n\u011bkde mezi ka\u0161lem a k\u00fdchnut\u00edm \u2013 \u201ek\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byli Salmi a o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 pobaveni, ale brzy si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen legra\u010dn\u00ed zvuk. Byl to zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm gorily komunikovaly se sv\u00fdmi lidsk\u00fdmi pe\u010dovateli.<\/p>\n\n

Gorily v zoo k\u00fdchaj\u00ed, aby dostaly j\u00eddlo<\/h2>\n\n

Aby toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed prostudovali, provedli Salmi a jej\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 experiment zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed osm n\u00ed\u017einn\u00fdch goril z\u00e1padn\u00edch v zoo v Atlant\u011b. Um\u00edstili kbel\u00edk s hrozny za v\u00fdb\u011bh zv\u00ed\u0159at, nechali o\u0161et\u0159ovatele st\u00e1t za klec\u00ed a dali o\u0161et\u0159ovateli do ruky kbel\u00edk s hrozny.<\/p>\n\n

Gorily z\u016fst\u00e1valy v\u011bt\u0161inou klidn\u00e9, kdy\u017e jim byl p\u0159edlo\u017een pouze hrozen nebo pouze o\u0161et\u0159ovatel. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b k\u00fdchaj\u00ed \u2013 a vyd\u00e1valy jin\u00e9 zvuky a pohyby p\u0159itahuj\u00edc\u00ed pozornost \u2013 kdy\u017e o\u0161et\u0159ovatel dr\u017eel j\u00eddlo.<\/p>\n\n

Polovina goril b\u011bhem experimentu k\u00fdchala a pokra\u010dovaly ve vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku, dokud o\u0161et\u0159ovatel nereagoval. Gorily nikdy nek\u00fdchaj\u00ed na sebe navz\u00e1jem, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tento zvuk je vyhrazen pro lidi.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 schopnost mezi zv\u00ed\u0159aty<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci nikdy nepozorovali k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed goril v divo\u010din\u011b, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee gorily v zajet\u00ed se mohou nau\u010dit vyd\u00e1vat nov\u00e9 zvuky. To je mezi zv\u00ed\u0159aty vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 schopnost. V\u011bt\u0161ina zv\u00ed\u0159at je omezena na vokalizace, se kter\u00fdmi se rod\u00ed, ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed prim\u00e1ti, v\u010detn\u011b goril, \u0161impanz\u016f a orangutan\u016f, prok\u00e1zali schopnost u\u010dit se v zajet\u00ed nov\u00e9 vokalizace.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt formou vok\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Salmiho studie p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k rostouc\u00edmu mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee prim\u00e1ti mohou m\u00edt omezen\u00e9 nebo st\u0159edn\u00ed schopnosti vok\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed. Vok\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed je schopnost u\u010dit se nov\u00e9 vokalizace napodobov\u00e1n\u00edm. Lid\u00e9 jsou nejzru\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vok\u00e1ln\u00edmi studenty, ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, jako jsou pt\u00e1ci a velryby, tuto schopnost tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Jin\u00ed lidoopi se tak\u00e9 nau\u010dili vyd\u00e1vat nov\u00e9 zvuky<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci zdokumentovali, jak se jin\u00ed lidoopi v zajet\u00ed nau\u010dili vyd\u00e1vat nov\u00e9 zvuky, v\u010detn\u011b \u0161impanz\u016f a orangutan\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u0161impanzi se nau\u010dili napodobovat lidskou \u0159e\u010d a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed orangutani se nau\u010dili vyd\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 vokalizace, v\u010detn\u011b hvizd\u016f a cvak\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm gorily \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed o j\u00eddlo<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee gorily za\u010daly k\u00fd chat, aby upoutaly pozornost sv\u00fdch o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee zvuky spojen\u00e9 s nemoc\u00ed vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed reakci o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f, a tak za\u010dali k\u00fd chat, aby si vy\u017e\u00e1dali j\u00eddlo.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je slo\u017eit\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je slo\u017eit\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje jak vok\u00e1ln\u00ed, tak fyzick\u00e9 slo\u017eky. Gorily otev\u0159ou doko\u0159\u00e1n tlamy, siln\u011b vydechnou a n\u011bkdy vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed jin\u00e9 zvuky a pohyby, jako je tlesk\u00e1n\u00ed, bit\u00ed se do hrudi a bouch\u00e1n\u00ed do v\u00fdb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zam\u011b\u0159eno na lidi. Gorily k\u00fdchaj\u00ed pouze na o\u0161et\u0159ovatele a jin\u00e9 lidi, nikoli na sebe navz\u00e1jem. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm gorily komunikuj\u00ed s lidmi.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je nau\u010den\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je nau\u010den\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se u divok\u00fdch goril nevyskytuje. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee gorily jsou schopny u\u010dit se v zajet\u00ed nov\u00e9 vokalizace a chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pomoci goril\u00e1m vyrovnat se se zajet\u00edm<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pomoci goril\u00e1m vyrovnat se s probl\u00e9my zajet\u00ed. Nau\u010den\u00edm se komunikovat se sv\u00fdmi lidsk\u00fdmi pe\u010dovateli mohou gorily uspokojit sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 blaho.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gorily vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed nov\u00fd zvuk \u201ek\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, aby z\u00edskaly pozornost sv\u00fdch o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f Gorily v zajet\u00ed se u\u010d\u00ed komunikovat s lidmi P\u0159ed lety si Dr. Roberta Salmi, bioantropolo\u017eka v zoo v Atlant\u011b, v\u0161imla…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1040],"tags":[309,18003,3289,18004,741],"class_list":["post-13349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-science","tag-animal-behavior","tag-gorillas","tag-primates","tag-vocal-learning","tag-zoology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13349"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13350,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13349\/revisions\/13350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}