{"id":13424,"date":"2022-04-23T07:14:05","date_gmt":"2022-04-23T07:14:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13424"},"modified":"2022-04-23T07:14:05","modified_gmt":"2022-04-23T07:14:05","slug":"digitally-resurrected-ancient-hebrew-scroll-from-burned-dead-sea-scroll","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/digitally-resurrected-ancient-hebrew-scroll-from-burned-dead-sea-scroll\/","title":{"rendered":"Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9ho hebrejsk\u00e9ho textu ze sp\u00e1len\u00e9ho svitku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Starov\u011bk\u00fd hebrejsk\u00fd text vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd z popela sp\u00e1len\u00e9ho svitku<\/h2>\n\n

Odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed svitku z Ein Gedi<\/h2>\n\n

V pozoruhodn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti digit\u00e1ln\u00ed archeologie t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f virtu\u00e1ln\u011b rozvinul 1500 let star\u00fd hebrejsk\u00fd svitek, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 k\u0159ehk\u00fd na to, aby byl fyzicky rozvinut. Svitku, zn\u00e1m\u00e9m jako svitek z Ein Gedi, objevili p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let uvnit\u0159 posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 archy pobl\u00ed\u017e Mrtv\u00e9ho mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u016flom v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm odv\u00edjen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Pomoc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho mikro-CT sn\u00edmkov\u00e1n\u00ed a specializovan\u00e9ho softwaru se v\u011bdc\u016fm poda\u0159ilo digit\u00e1ln\u011b sloupnout vrstvy pergamenu a odhalit starov\u011bk\u00e9 hebrejsk\u00e9 znaky skryt\u00e9 uvnit\u0159. Tento pr\u016flom p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok v oblasti restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch text\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzev<\/h2>\n\n

Hebrejsk\u00fd pergamen p\u0159edstavoval jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a stavu. Pergamen v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let bublal a sp\u00e1lil se, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017eovalo rozli\u0161en\u00ed inkoustu od pozad\u00ed. Aby v\u011bdci tyto v\u00fdzvy p\u0159ekonali, vyvinuli nov\u00e9 programovac\u00ed techniky, kter\u00e9 tyto nedokonalosti opravily.<\/p>\n\n

Odhalen\u00ed knihy Leviticus<\/h2>\n\n

Jak v\u011bdci virtu\u00e1ln\u011b odv\u00edjeli svitek, text se postupn\u011b objevoval. K jejich p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed se prvn\u00ed ver\u0161 uk\u00e1zal jako za\u010d\u00e1tek knihy Leviticus, knihy z\u00e1kon\u016f v hebrejsk\u00e9 Bibli. Tento objev potvrzuje, \u017ee svitek je starov\u011bkou kopi\u00ed knihy Leviticus.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

Svitku z Ein Gedi ze \u0161est\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed je pozoruhodn\u00fdm objevem kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. A\u017e doned\u00e1vna byly nejstar\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 biblick\u00e9 texty datov\u00e1ny do des\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Svitku z Ein Gedi je jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159eklenuj\u00ed propast mezi svitky od Mrtv\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a texty z des\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dasp\u011bch projektu svitku z Ein Gedi otev\u0159el nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro studium starov\u011bk\u00fdch text\u016f. V\u011bdci nyn\u00ed pracuj\u00ed na dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed zbytku svitku a pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt sv\u00e9 techniky na dal\u0161\u00ed svitky nalezen\u00e9 na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Krom\u011b toho byli po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni, aby svou technologii vyu\u017eili k o\u017eiven\u00ed rom\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd byl zni\u010den p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru.<\/p>\n\n

Vliv digit\u00e1ln\u00ed archeologie<\/h2>\n\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed odv\u00edjen\u00ed svitku z Ein Gedi ukazuje s\u00edlu digit\u00e1ln\u00ed archeologie. Pomoc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 technologie mohou v\u011bdci nyn\u00ed p\u0159istupovat ke starov\u011bk\u00fdm text\u016fm, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve nedostupn\u00e9, a studovat je. Tato technologie posouv\u00e1 hranice toho, co je mo\u017en\u00e9 v oblasti starov\u011bk\u00fdch studi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Podrobn\u00fd popis procesu<\/h2>\n\n

Mikro-CT skener pou\u017eit\u00fd ke skenov\u00e1n\u00ed svitku vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vysoce kvalitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky vnit\u0159ku objektu. V\u011bdci pot\u00e9 pou\u017eili specializovan\u00fd software k anal\u00fdze dat o hustot\u011b ze sn\u00edmk\u016f a identifikaci vrstev pergamenu a jejich obrys\u016f. Virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm sloupnut\u00edm t\u011bchto vrstev se jim poda\u0159ilo rekonstruovat p\u016fvodn\u00ed text.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam inkoust\u016f na b\u00e1zi kov\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdc\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo identifikovat starov\u011bk\u00e9 hebrejsk\u00e9 znaky d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edtomnosti kovu v inkoustu. Kov se ve sn\u00edmc\u00edch z CT zobrazoval jako jasn\u011b b\u00edl\u00e9 skvrny, co\u017e umo\u017enilo odli\u0161it inkoust od zuhelnat\u011bl\u00e9ho pergamenu.<\/p>\n\n

Budouc\u00ed aplikace<\/h2>\n\n

Technologie digit\u00e1ln\u00edho odv\u00edjen\u00ed vyvinut\u00e1 pro svitek z Ein Gedi m\u00e1 \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu aplikac\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita ke studiu dal\u0161\u00edch po\u0161kozen\u00fdch nebo k\u0159ehk\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch text\u016f a tak\u00e9 ke zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 nelze fyzicky odvinout nebo otev\u0159\u00edt. Tato technologie je p\u0159ipravena revolucionalizovat oblast archeologie a poskytnout cenn\u00e9 poznatky o na\u0161\u00ed minulosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Starov\u011bk\u00fd hebrejsk\u00fd text vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd z popela sp\u00e1len\u00e9ho svitku Odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed svitku z Ein Gedi V pozoruhodn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti digit\u00e1ln\u00ed archeologie t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f virtu\u00e1ln\u011b rozvinul 1500 let star\u00fd hebrejsk\u00fd svitek, kter\u00fd byl…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[18106,18109,18107,2980,2979,18108],"class_list":["post-13424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-digital-archaeology","tag-ein-gedi-scroll","tag-hebrew-bible","tag-ancient-texts","tag-dead-sea-scrolls","tag-virtual-unwrapping"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13424"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13425,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13424\/revisions\/13425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}