Bitva o Gallipoli, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1la b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, byla v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm konfliktem mezi spojeneck\u00fdmi mocnostmi a Osmanskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Spojeneck\u00e9 s\u00edly, slo\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z britsk\u00fdch, francouzsk\u00fdch, australsk\u00fdch a novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, se pokusily dob\u00fdt poloostrov Gallipoli, aby z\u00edskaly kontrolu nad Dardanelami a otev\u0159ely z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed cestu do Ruska. Osmansk\u00e9 s\u00edly veden\u00e9 Mustafou Kemalem Atat\u00fcrkem v\u0161ak poloostrov \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b ubr\u00e1nily a zp\u016fsobily spojenc\u016fm t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n
Spojeneck\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed u Gallipoli bylo poznamen\u00e1no \u0161patn\u00fdm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm a proveden\u00edm. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed vylod\u011bn\u00ed 25. dubna 1915 narazilo na prudk\u00fd odpor osmansk\u00fdch obr\u00e1nc\u016f. Spojenci se sna\u017eili z\u00edskat oporu na poloostrov\u011b a uv\u00edzli v krvav\u00e9 patov\u00e9 situaci. Boje se vyzna\u010dovaly intenzivn\u00ed z\u00e1kopovou v\u00e1lkou, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e ob\u011b strany utrp\u011bly t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es po\u010detn\u00ed p\u0159evahu Spojenc\u016f osmansk\u00e9 s\u00edly udr\u017eely sv\u00e9 pozice. Byly dob\u0159e rozm\u00edst\u011bny ve v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch a m\u011bly podporu n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho d\u011blost\u0159electva. Spojenci naopak byli \u0161patn\u011b vybaveni a postr\u00e1dali dostate\u010dnou d\u011blost\u0159eleckou podporu. Jak boje pokra\u010dovaly, mor\u00e1lka Spojenc\u016f klesala a v prosinci 1915 se nakonec st\u00e1hli z poloostrova.<\/p>\n\n
Bitva o Gallipoli je v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za velk\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed Spojenc\u016f a za bod obratu v prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Ztr\u00e1ty Spojenc\u016f \u010dinily p\u0159es 180 000, zat\u00edmco osmansk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty se odhaduj\u00ed na 253 000. Bitva m\u011bla hlubok\u00fd dopad na z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1rody, zejm\u00e9na na Austr\u00e1lii a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land, kde je p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1na jako symbol n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ob\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n
V posledn\u00edch letech za\u010dali historici p\u0159ehodnocovat bitvu o Gallipoli. P\u0159esto\u017ee spojeneck\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed bylo nepochybn\u011b vojensk\u00fdm ne\u00fasp\u011bchem, nyn\u00ed se uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee osmansk\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nebylo zp\u016fsobeno pouze vojenskou p\u0159evahou. Osmansk\u00e9 s\u00edly tak\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eily ze \u0161patn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a proveden\u00ed Spojenc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Tureck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed revidovat historii bitvy o Gallipoli a vykresluje ji jako v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed isl\u00e1mu. Toto tvrzen\u00ed zleh\u010duje \u00falohu n\u011bmeck\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 podpory a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou horlivost osmansk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fd ter\u00e9nn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum spole\u010dn\u00e9ho turecko-australsko-novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu v\u0161ak odhalil d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 toto ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Od roku 2010 t\u00fdm tureck\u00fdch, australsk\u00fdch a novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fdch archeolog\u016f a historik\u016f zkoum\u00e1 gallipolsk\u00e9 boji\u0161t\u011b. Jejich v\u00fdzkum vrhl nov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo na konflikt a odhalil mno\u017estv\u00ed artefakt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b kulek, ostnat\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu a lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00fdmu pomohla rekonstruovat ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot voj\u00e1k\u016f a poskytnout lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 museli sn\u00e1\u0161et.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00edce p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdch objev\u016f, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00fd t\u00fdm u\u010dinil, byla p\u0159\u00edtomnost lahv\u00ed piva Bomonti v osmansk\u00fdch z\u00e1kop<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bitva o Gallipoli: P\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed Historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam Bitva o Gallipoli, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1la b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, byla v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm konfliktem mezi spojeneck\u00fdmi mocnostmi a Osmanskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Spojeneck\u00e9 s\u00edly, slo\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[18120,15994,1061,3950,1242],"class_list":["post-13434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-anzac","tag-gallipoli","tag-turkey","tag-world-war-i","tag-military-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13434"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13435,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13434\/revisions\/13435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}