{"id":13448,"date":"2019-12-29T08:16:04","date_gmt":"2019-12-29T08:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13448"},"modified":"2019-12-29T08:16:04","modified_gmt":"2019-12-29T08:16:04","slug":"arctic-shipping-gateway-invasive-species","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/marine-science\/arctic-shipping-gateway-invasive-species\/","title":{"rendered":"Arktick\u00e1 lodn\u00ed doprava a invazivn\u00ed druhy: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozba"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Arktick\u00e1 lodn\u00ed doprava: Br\u00e1na pro invazivn\u00ed druhy<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jak se arktick\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd led kv\u016fli zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu rozpou\u0161t\u00ed, otev\u00edraj\u00ed se nov\u00e9 lodn\u00ed trasy spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Atlantsk\u00fd a Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n. P\u0159esto\u017ee to nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro rychlej\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159epravu, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 to tak\u00e9 obavy ohledn\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p>Invazivn\u00ed druhy jsou organismy, kter\u00e9 jsou zavle\u010deny do nov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 nebo ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161kody. Mohou naru\u0161it m\u00edstn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my, vytla\u010dit p\u016fvodn\u00ed druhy a po\u0161kodit infrastrukturu. Lodn\u00ed doprava je hlavn\u00ed cestou pro zavl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f, proto\u017ee lod\u011b mohou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eet organismy ve sv\u00e9 balastn\u00ed vod\u011b nebo p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00e9 ke sv\u00fdm trup\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n<p>Arktick\u00e9 vody byly historicky vystaveny invaz\u00edm jen m\u00e1lo, ale s rostouc\u00ed lodn\u00ed dopravou roste i riziko zavle\u010den\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f. Tyto druhy by mohly ohrozit k\u0159ehk\u00e9 arktick\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e \u010del\u00ed dopad\u016fm zm\u011bny klimatu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rizika pro americk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Invazivn\u00ed druhy mohou p\u0159edstavovat hrozbu tak\u00e9 pro ekonomiku Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Americk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy odbavuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu a jak\u00e9koli naru\u0161en\u00ed provozu p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f by mohlo m\u00edt dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Invazivn\u00ed druhy mohou po\u0161kodit infrastrukturu, jako jsou potrub\u00ed a lod\u011b, a zp\u016fsobit ekonomick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty t\u00edm, \u017ee budou sout\u011b\u017eit s p\u016fvodn\u00edmi druhy o zdroje.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zm\u011bna klimatu a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u00e1n\u00ed arktick\u00e9ho mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu nejen\u017ee otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 lodn\u00ed trasy, ale tak\u00e9 odhaluje nov\u00e9 oblasti pro vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f. To by mohlo d\u00e1le zv\u00fd\u0161it riziko \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f, proto\u017ee lod\u011b a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eet organismy z jedn\u00e9 oblasti do druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategie zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik strategi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze uplatnit ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm arktick\u00e9 lodn\u00ed dopravy. Jednou z nich je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zaveden\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny balastn\u00ed vody na otev\u0159en\u00e9m mo\u0159i, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje v\u00fdm\u011bnu pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed balastn\u00ed vody za vodu z otev\u0159en\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Invazivn\u00ed druhy maj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed v hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed strategi\u00ed je stanoven\u00ed norem pro mno\u017estv\u00ed organism\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou lod\u011b vypou\u0161t\u011bt ve sv\u00e9 balastn\u00ed vod\u011b. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b takov\u00e9 normy neexistuj\u00ed, ale mohly by pomoci zabr\u00e1nit zavle\u010den\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017eba trupu, proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159ichycen\u00ed organism\u016f na trupy lod\u00ed a jejich transportu do nov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budouc\u00ed d\u016fsledky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jak se Arktida nad\u00e1le otev\u00edr\u00e1, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017eit potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f. P\u0159ijet\u00edm proaktivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed rizik m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit jak arktick\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, tak glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy pro minimalizaci \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Investice do v\u00fdzkumu potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopad\u016f invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f v Arktid\u011b<\/li>\n<li>Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed lodn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a \u010dlen\u016f pos\u00e1dky o rizic\u00edch invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch dohod o prevenci \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Zaveden\u00ed monitorovac\u00edch program\u016f ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a reakci na zavle\u010den\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arktick\u00e1 lodn\u00ed doprava: Br\u00e1na pro invazivn\u00ed druhy Dopad na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my Jak se arktick\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd led kv\u016fli zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu rozpou\u0161t\u00ed, otev\u00edraj\u00ed se nov\u00e9 lodn\u00ed trasy spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Atlantsk\u00fd a Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1300],"tags":[1354,18132,3490,286,361,34],"class_list":["post-13448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marine-science","tag-arctic","tag-shipping","tag-ecosystems","tag-invasive-species","tag-marine-biology","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13448"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13449,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13448\/revisions\/13449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}