{"id":13454,"date":"2024-07-27T02:41:24","date_gmt":"2024-07-27T02:41:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13454"},"modified":"2024-07-27T02:41:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-27T02:41:24","slug":"the-sweet-world-of-sugars-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/food-science\/the-sweet-world-of-sugars-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Sladk\u00fd sv\u011bt cukr\u016f: komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sladk\u00fd sv\u011bt cukr\u016f: Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je cukr?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cukr, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed k\u00e1men \u017eivota, je organick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u0161em, co j\u00edme. Dod\u00e1v\u00e1 na\u0161im bu\u0148k\u00e1m energii a je prvn\u00ed formou ve\u0161ker\u00e9 organick\u00e9 hmoty, vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 ze slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla, oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho a vody v listech rostlin.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Druhy cukr\u016f<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cukry se vyskytuj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gluk\u00f3za (dextr\u00f3za):<\/strong> Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a nejm\u00e9n\u011b sladk\u00fd cukr, nezbytn\u00fd pro tvorbu bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 energie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fruktoza:<\/strong> Dvakr\u00e1t slad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e gluk\u00f3za, hojn\u011b se vyskytuje v medu a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159i pe\u010den\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kalori\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sachar\u00f3za:<\/strong> Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cukr nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v rostlin\u00e1ch a \u0159epn\u00e9m cukru, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z molekuly gluk\u00f3zy a frukt\u00f3zy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Malt\u00f3za:<\/strong> Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v sladov\u00e9m extraktu, m\u00e9n\u011b sladk\u00fd disacharid ne\u017e sachar\u00f3za.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lakt\u00f3za:<\/strong> Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v ml\u00e9ce, dal\u0161\u00ed disacharid s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed sladkost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00fd sirup s vysok\u00fdm obsahem frukt\u00f3zy (HFCS):<\/strong> Um\u011ble vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd z kuku\u0159ice, obsahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 75 % frukt\u00f3zy a 25 % gluk\u00f3zy, \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd jako sladidlo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maltodextrin:<\/strong> Zpracovan\u00fd kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00fd sirup obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed gluk\u00f3zu a malt\u00f3zu, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se jako zahu\u0161\u0165ovadlo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oligosacharidy:<\/strong> Cukry s v\u00edce kruhy, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v fazol\u00edch a semenech, nestraviteln\u00e9 pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata, ale prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pro st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Um\u011bl\u00e1 sladidla<\/h3>\n\n<p>Um\u011bl\u00e1 sladidla jsou nesacharidov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 klamou na\u0161e chu\u0165ov\u00e9 poh\u00e1rky, aby vn\u00edmaly sladkost. Obsahuj\u00ed zanedbateln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kalori\u00ed, ale mohou b\u00fdt stokr\u00e1t slad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sachar\u00f3za.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak cukry ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed t\u011blo<\/h3>\n\n<p>Tr\u00e1ven\u00ed rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 cukry na gluk\u00f3zu, kterou bu\u0148ky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro energii. Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 konzumace cukru v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00e1ze, zubn\u00edmu kazu a dal\u0161\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sladkosti<\/h3>\n\n<p>Sladkost cukru je ur\u010dena jeho molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed strukturou. Frukt\u00f3za je nap\u0159\u00edklad slad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e gluk\u00f3za kv\u016fli jej\u00edmu odli\u0161n\u00e9mu uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed atom\u016f. Arty\u010doky a z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 bobule mohou do\u010dasn\u011b zm\u011bnit na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sladkosti.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cukr v ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin<\/h3>\n\n<p>Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 etikety \u010dasto skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159idan\u00fd cukr pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy, jako je kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00fd sirup, med a koncentr\u00e1t ovocn\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy. Spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 by si m\u011bli b\u00fdt t\u011bchto skryt\u00fdch forem cukru v\u011bdomi.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cukry hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v na\u0161\u00ed strav\u011b a metabolismu energie. Pochopen\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f cukr\u016f a jejich vlivu na zdrav\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 pro informovan\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br potravin. P\u0159ijet\u00edm vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu ke spot\u0159eb\u011b cukru si m\u016f\u017eeme u\u017e\u00edvat jeho sladk\u00fdch v\u00fdhod, ani\u017e bychom ohrozili svou pohodu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sladk\u00fd sv\u011bt cukr\u016f: Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce Co je cukr? Cukr, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed k\u00e1men \u017eivota, je organick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u0161em, co j\u00edme. Dod\u00e1v\u00e1 na\u0161im bu\u0148k\u00e1m energii a je prvn\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23928,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[628],"tags":[18135,18137,18136,18138,18139,146,147],"class_list":["post-13454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-science","tag-sugars","tag-fructose","tag-glucose","tag-sucrose","tag-artificial-sweeteners","tag-nutrition","tag-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13454"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13454\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13455,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13454\/revisions\/13455"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}