{"id":13476,"date":"2024-11-17T11:47:33","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T11:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13476"},"modified":"2024-11-17T11:47:33","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T11:47:33","slug":"mosquitoes-london-underground-evolutionary-tale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/biology\/mosquitoes-london-underground-evolutionary-tale\/","title":{"rendered":"Kom\u00e1\u0159i v lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9m metru: Jedine\u010dn\u00fd evolu\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kom\u00e1\u0159i v lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9m metru: Jedine\u010dn\u00fd evolu\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh<\/h2>\n\n

Lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9 metro: \u00dato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro kom\u00e1ry<\/h2>\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok cestuje lond\u00fdnsk\u00fdm metrem, prvn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem metra na sv\u011bt\u011b, p\u0159es 1,3 miliardy cestuj\u00edc\u00edch. Ale pod ru\u0161n\u00fdmi davy se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 skryt\u00fd sv\u011bt \u2013 poddruh kom\u00e1r\u016f, kter\u00fd se vyvinul, aby prosp\u00edval v jedine\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed metra.<\/p>\n\n

Vznik nov\u00e9ho poddruhu<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b pojmenovan\u00fd Culex pipiens molestus se objevil v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 150let\u00e9 historie metra. Poprv\u00e9 byl zaznamen\u00e1n b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy lid\u00e9 hledaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fakryt na stanic\u00edch metra objevili mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b kom\u00e1r\u016f se zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm kousnut\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1hady<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1999 zah\u00e1jila anglick\u00e1 v\u011bdkyn\u011b Katharyne Byrneov\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kom\u00e1r\u016f v metru. Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm s kom\u00e1ry nalezen\u00fdmi v lond\u00fdnsk\u00fdch domech zjistila, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o samostatn\u00fd poddruh.<\/p>\n\n

Reproduk\u010dn\u00ed izolace: Kl\u00ed\u010d ke vzniku druh\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Byrneov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkum odhalil, \u017ee kom\u00e1\u0159i v metru dos\u00e1hli \u201ereproduk\u010dn\u00ed izolace\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se nemohli mno\u017eit s jin\u00fdmi druhy kom\u00e1r\u016f. Tato izolace, kombinovan\u00e1 s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami v metru, umo\u017enila kom\u00e1r\u016fm vyvinout se do vlastn\u00edho poddruhu.<\/p>\n\n

Proces vzniku druh\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Rychl\u00e1 evoluce kom\u00e1r\u016f v metru je p\u0159\u00edkladem procesu vzniku druh\u016f, kdy se zv\u00ed\u0159ata vyvinou v odli\u0161n\u00e9 druhy. Klasick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem jsou Darwinovy p\u011bnkavy na Galap\u00e1g\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se rychle p\u0159izp\u016fsobily d\u00edky sv\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 izolaci.<\/p>\n\n

Ot\u00e1zky a pochybnosti<\/h2>\n\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed jedine\u010dnost kom\u00e1r\u016f v metru. V roce 2011 byla objevena podobn\u00e1 invaze kom\u00e1r\u016f v newyorsk\u00fdch stok\u00e1ch. K ur\u010den\u00ed toho, zda tito kom\u00e1\u0159i sd\u00edlej\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u016fvod, je pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n

Studium kom\u00e1r\u016f v metru nab\u00edz\u00ed vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky se z\u00e1jmem o evoluci a adaptaci. Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed metra poskytuje p\u0159irozenou laborato\u0159 pro studium toho, jak se druhy mohou rychle vyv\u00edjet v reakci na nov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n\n

Metro: M\u00edsto evolu\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9 metro se stalo ne\u010dekan\u00fdm centrem evolu\u010dn\u00ed aktivity a ukazuje pozoruhodnou odolnost a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost \u017eivota. P\u0159\u00edtomnost jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho poddruhu kom\u00e1r\u016f v tomto podzemn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje skryt\u00e9 divy, kter\u00e9 lze naj\u00edt i na t\u011bch nejneo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kom\u00e1\u0159i v lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9m metru: Jedine\u010dn\u00fd evolu\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9 metro: \u00dato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro kom\u00e1ry Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok cestuje lond\u00fdnsk\u00fdm metrem, prvn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem metra na sv\u011bt\u011b, p\u0159es 1,3 miliardy cestuj\u00edc\u00edch. Ale pod ru\u0161n\u00fdmi davy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24910,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[136,4824,18164,18166,18165,99],"class_list":["post-13476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology","tag-evolution","tag-mosquitoes","tag-london-underground","tag-speciation","tag-subspecies","tag-lifescienceart"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13476"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24911,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13476\/revisions\/24911"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}