{"id":13492,"date":"2023-11-29T23:49:05","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T23:49:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13492"},"modified":"2023-11-29T23:49:05","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T23:49:05","slug":"f8fe66800595926126e0f7aead5edaee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/biology\/f8fe66800595926126e0f7aead5edaee\/","title":{"rendered":"f8fe66800595926126e0f7aead5edaee"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1hada “vyhynul\u00e9ho” tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ka vy\u0159e\u0161ena pomoc\u00ed DNA<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e1danka tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ka z ostrova Hunter<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

V roce 1983 byly u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Tasm\u00e1nie u\u010din\u011bn objev, kter\u00fd ot\u0159\u00e1sl v\u011bdeckou obc\u00ed: kosti d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho druhu tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ka, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho “tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k z ostrova Hunter”. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee toto z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed ob\u00fdvalo Zemi asi p\u0159ed 800 lety a bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za vyhynul\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed existence<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

V posledn\u00edch letech v\u0161ak v\u011bdci za\u010dali pochybovat o skute\u010dn\u00e9 podstat\u011b tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ka z ostrova Hunter. Polo\u017eili si ot\u00e1zku, zda kosti skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nov\u00fd druh, nebo jsou jen \u00falomky jin\u00fdch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch druh\u016f tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

DNA p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na z\u00e1chranu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Aby se tato debata jednou prov\u017edy ukon\u010dila, pustil se t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f do pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 studie. Z\u00edskali DNA ze \u010dty\u0159 kost\u00ed \u00fadajn\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho druhu a porovnali je s modern\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed DNA.<\/p>\n\n

Odhalen\u00e1 pravda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

V\u00fdsledky byly ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed. Genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhalila, \u017ee \u010dty\u0159i kosti v\u016fbec nepoch\u00e1zely z vyhynul\u00e9ho druhu. M\u00edsto toho pat\u0159ily t\u0159em \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm druh\u016fm tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f: tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ku chocholat\u00e9mu fiordlandsk\u00e9mu, tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ku chocholat\u00e9mu snaressk\u00e9mu a tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ku v\u00edl\u00edmu.<\/p>\n\n

Sm\u011bs kost\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee tyto t\u0159i druhy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ob\u00fdvaly ostrov Hunter v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku a po sv\u00e9 smrti zde zanechaly sv\u00e9 kosti. Sm\u011bs kost\u00ed zm\u00e1tla v\u011bdce, kte\u0159\u00ed se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed k jedin\u00e9mu vyhynul\u00e9mu druhu.<\/p>\n\n

S\u00edla starov\u011bk\u00e9 DNA<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Tato studie zd\u016fraz\u0148uje obrovskou s\u00edlu testov\u00e1n\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 DNA p\u0159i odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed minulosti. Nejen\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee pomoci identifikovat nov\u00e9 druhy, ale tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee vylou\u010dit d\u0159\u00edve navrhovan\u00e9 druhy, kter\u00e9 nikdy neexistovaly, jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ka z ostrova Hunter.<\/p>\n\n

Nov\u00e9 definov\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u016f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed anal\u00fdzy DNA zrevolucionizovalo identifikaci a klasifikaci druh\u016f. Muzea po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159eklasifikov\u00e1vaj\u00ed star\u00e9 vzorky a neust\u00e1le se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159esnost modern\u00edch test\u016f st\u00edr\u00e1 hranice mezi organismy, kter\u00e9 byly kdysi pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za odd\u011blen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fsledky pro budoucnost<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

D\u016fsledky tohoto objevu jsou dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9. Demonstruje d\u016fle\u017eitost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edce d\u016fkazn\u00edch lini\u00ed k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje pot\u0159ebu pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a p\u0159ehodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161eho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n

Jak v\u011bdci nad\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed s\u00edlu anal\u00fdzy DNA, m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee odhal\u00edme je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce tajemstv\u00ed skryt\u00fdch v kostech a fosili\u00edch minul\u00fdch obyvatel na\u0161\u00ed planety.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1hada “vyhynul\u00e9ho” tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ka vy\u0159e\u0161ena pomoc\u00ed DNA H\u00e1danka tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ka z ostrova Hunter V roce 1983 byly u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Tasm\u00e1nie u\u010din\u011bn objev, kter\u00fd ot\u0159\u00e1sl v\u011bdeckou obc\u00ed: kosti d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho druhu tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ka, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[18189,2727,17995,1279,741],"class_list":["post-13492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-dna-analysis","tag-taxonomy","tag-penguin","tag-extinct-species","tag-zoology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13492"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13493,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13492\/revisions\/13493"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}