{"id":1367,"date":"2023-05-08T00:55:03","date_gmt":"2023-05-08T00:55:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1367"},"modified":"2023-05-08T00:55:03","modified_gmt":"2023-05-08T00:55:03","slug":"automation-future-of-work-universal-basic-income","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/technology-and-society\/automation-future-of-work-universal-basic-income\/","title":{"rendered":"Automatizace a budoucnost pr\u00e1ce: Bude \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm v\u0161eobecn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Automatizace a budoucnost pr\u00e1ce: Bude \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm v\u0161eobecn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem?<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vzestup automatizace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Technologick\u00fd pokrok, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence (AI), rychle automatizuje \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 kdysi vykon\u00e1vali lid\u00e9. Od samo\u0159iditeln\u00fdch aut a\u017e po roboty l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edky, stroje st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v r\u016fzn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch. Tento trend vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 obavy o budoucnost pr\u00e1ce a potenci\u00e1l pro rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 nahrazov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad na trh pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\n\n<p>Podle ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy Rady ekonomick\u00fdch poradc\u016f B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 20 dolar\u016f za hodinu 83% \u0161anci, \u017ee p\u0159ijdou o pr\u00e1ci kv\u016fli automatizaci, zat\u00edmco ti, kte\u0159\u00ed vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e 40 dolar\u016f za hodinu, maj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 30% \u0161anci. To vedlo k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm obav\u00e1m o ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky automatizace a pot\u0159eb\u011b z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pro vytla\u010den\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u0161eobecn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem: Radik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z navrhovan\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzev, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed automatizace, je v\u0161eobecn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem (VZP). VZP je jednoduch\u00fd koncept: ka\u017ed\u00fd ob\u010dan zem\u011b by obdr\u017eel m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed \u0161ek od vl\u00e1dy bez ohledu na sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edjem nebo pracovn\u00ed status.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Argumenty pro VZP<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zast\u00e1nci VZP tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by poskytl finan\u010dn\u00ed pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159 pro pracovn\u00edky vytla\u010den\u00e9 automatizac\u00ed, co\u017e jim umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159ej\u00edt na nov\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta nebo pokra\u010dovat ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ani\u017e by \u010delili ekonomick\u00fdm t\u011b\u017ekostem. Tak\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee VZP by mohl sn\u00ed\u017eit chudobu a nerovnost a uvolnit lidem ruce, aby se mohli v\u011bnovat napl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm nebo spole\u010densky prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm \u010dinnostem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obavy ohledn\u011b VZP<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kritici VZP vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed obavy ohledn\u011b jeho n\u00e1klad\u016f a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho dopadu na trh pr\u00e1ce. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by to mohlo b\u00fdt ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b drah\u00e9 a \u017ee by to mohlo odradit lidi od pr\u00e1ce, pokud by m\u011bli zaru\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Experimenty a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n<p>Navzdory prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed debat\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed n\u011bkolik zem\u00ed a organizac\u00ed experimenty, aby otestovaly proveditelnost a \u00fa\u010dinnost VZP. Finsko spou\u0161t\u00ed dvouletou studii, ve kter\u00e9 100 000 ob\u010dan\u016f obdr\u017e\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed platbu a\u017e 1 000 eur. Spole\u010dnosti ze Silicon Valley tak\u00e9 financuj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 projekty, aby prozkoumaly potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody VZP.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost pr\u00e1ce a VZP<\/h2>\n\n<p>Budoucnost pr\u00e1ce je nejist\u00e1, ale je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee automatizace bude i nad\u00e1le m\u011bnit trh pr\u00e1ce. Zat\u00edmco VZP je radik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 na s\u00edle jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak \u0159e\u0161it v\u00fdzvy a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, kter\u00e9 tato technologick\u00e1 revoluce p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Etick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky nahrazov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f roboty:<\/strong> Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit dopad automatizace na lidskou d\u016fstojnost a \u00fa\u010del.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pot\u0159eba celo\u017eivotn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Jak se pr\u00e1ce rychle m\u011bn\u00ed, budou se muset pracovn\u00edci neust\u00e1le p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat a z\u00edsk\u00e1vat nov\u00e9 dovednosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Potenci\u00e1l VZP podporovat inovace a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Poskytnut\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b by mohl VZP uvolnit lidem ruce, aby mohli riskovat a v\u011bnovat se nov\u00fdm podnik\u016fm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Debata o automatizaci a budoucnosti pr\u00e1ce je slo\u017eit\u00e1 a mnohostrann\u00e1. I kdy\u017e neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, v\u0161eobecn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem je provokativn\u00ed my\u0161lenka, kter\u00e1 si zaslou\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, kdy\u017e se orientujeme ve v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Automatizace a budoucnost pr\u00e1ce: Bude \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm v\u0161eobecn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem? Vzestup automatizace Technologick\u00fd pokrok, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence (AI), rychle automatizuje \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 kdysi vykon\u00e1vali lid\u00e9. Od samo\u0159iditeln\u00fdch aut a\u017e&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2121],"tags":[2729,3056,3060,3058,1254,3057,3059],"class_list":["post-1367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology-and-society","tag-automation","tag-future-of-work","tag-economic-inequality","tag-technology-and-society","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-universal-basic-income","tag-job-displacement"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1367"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1368,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1367\/revisions\/1368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}