Magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b, jako neviditeln\u00e1 mapa, vod\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy v\u010detn\u011b losos\u016f na jejich pozoruhodn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch. Tato vrozen\u00e1 schopnost navigace jim umo\u017e\u0148uje vr\u00e1tit se na m\u00edsto sv\u00e9ho narozen\u00ed po letech str\u00e1ven\u00fdch daleko na mo\u0159i, \u010dasto b\u011bhem tis\u00edc\u016f mil dlouh\u00fdch migrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jakmile se mlad\u00ed lososi vyl\u00edhnou, vytisknou si magnetick\u00fd podpis sv\u00e9ho rodi\u0161t\u011b do ment\u00e1ln\u00ed mapy. Kdy\u017e opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed sv\u016fj sladkovodn\u00ed domov a vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed se na otev\u0159en\u00fd oce\u00e1n, nesou s sebou tento magnetick\u00fd pl\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n
Magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b nen\u00ed statick\u00e9, ale postupn\u011b se m\u011bn\u00ed v \u010dase, jev zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako posun geomagnetick\u00e9ho pole. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee magnetick\u00fd podpis lokality se m\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edrn\u011b rok od roku.<\/p>\n\n
Lososi pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole jako kompas k naveden\u00ed na cestu zp\u011bt. Porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole u potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch vstupn\u00edch m\u00edst s magnetick\u00fdm podpisem, kter\u00fd si vytiskli p\u0159i narozen\u00ed. \u00dast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se nejv\u00edce podob\u00e1 rodn\u00e9mu podpisu, se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich zvolenou cestou.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci studovali lososa sockeye z britskokolumbijsk\u00e9 \u0159eky Fraser, kter\u00fd p\u0159i sv\u00e9 cest\u011b dom\u016f m\u00edj\u00ed ostrov Vancouver. Zjistili, \u017ee volba \u00fast\u00ed (severn\u00ed nebo ji\u017en\u00ed) z\u00e1visela na tom, jak moc se magnetick\u00e9 pole v ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u00fast\u00ed podobalo magnetick\u00e9mu podpisu \u0159eky Fraser z doby dvou let zp\u00e1tky, kdy opustili \u0159eku a vydali se na pastvu do mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n
Porozum\u011bn\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 navigaci losos\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 jak pro divok\u00e9, tak pro farmov\u011b chovan\u00e9 lososy. V l\u00edhn\u00edch je nezbytn\u00e9 zajistit, aby magnetick\u00e9 pole nebylo zkresleno elektrick\u00fdmi kabely nebo \u017eelezn\u00fdmi trubkami, co\u017e je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b losos\u016f i jin\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, jako jsou mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eelvy a tu\u0148\u00e1k modroploutv\u00fd, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b k navigaci. Tato pozoruhodn\u00e1 schopnost inspirovala v\u011bdce k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu vyu\u017eit\u00ed magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed k pomoci p\u0159i ochran\u011b a managementu dal\u0161\u00edch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Lidsk\u00e9 aktivity, jako jsou elektrick\u00e9 veden\u00ed a podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 kabely, mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et magnetick\u00e1 ru\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by mohla naru\u0161it navigaci losos\u016f. Porozum\u011bn\u00ed dopadu t\u011bchto ru\u0161en\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f na populace losos\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkum magnetick\u00e9 navigace losos\u016f nad\u00e1le odhaluje slo\u017eitosti t\u00e9to pozoruhodn\u00e9 schopnosti. Budouc\u00ed studie se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na porozum\u011bn\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u00edm mechanism\u016fm stoj\u00edc\u00edm za vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed magnetismu, role genetiky v navigaci a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopad\u016f zm\u011bny klimatu na naviga\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly losos\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd GPS syst\u00e9m losos\u016f: Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b k navigaci Magnetick\u00e1 navigace: Kompas p\u0159\u00edrody Magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b, jako neviditeln\u00e1 mapa, vod\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy v\u010detn\u011b losos\u016f na jejich pozoruhodn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25317,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[18404,18405,18403,8247,7463,99],"class_list":["post-13671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-animal-navigation","tag-earths-magnetic-field","tag-magnetic-navigation","tag-natures-gps","tag-salmon","tag-lifescienceart"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13671"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25318,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13671\/revisions\/25318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}