{"id":13697,"date":"2022-11-21T17:43:38","date_gmt":"2022-11-21T17:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13697"},"modified":"2022-11-21T17:43:38","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T17:43:38","slug":"diy-invisibility-science-fiction-to-reality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/physics\/diy-invisibility-science-fiction-to-reality\/","title":{"rendered":"Neviditelnost: Od science fiction k realit\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neviditelnost: Od science fiction k realit\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hled\u00e1n\u00ed neviditelnosti<\/h3>\n\n<p>Po stalet\u00ed my\u0161lenka neviditelnosti uchvacovala lidskou p\u0159edstavivost a inspirovala nespo\u010det p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o \u0161pionech, superhrdinech a magick\u00fdch bytostech. Zat\u00edmco opravdov\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b neviditelnosti mohou b\u00fdt st\u00e1le vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm snem, v\u011bdci dos\u00e1hli v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho pokroku ve v\u00fdvoji materi\u00e1l\u016f a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed u\u010dinit p\u0159edm\u011bty neviditeln\u00fdmi pro lidsk\u00e9 oko.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u011bda za neviditelnost\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>Neviditelnost funguje na principu manipulace zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm sv\u011btlo interaguje s p\u0159edm\u011bty. Kdy\u017e sv\u011btlo dopadne na p\u0159edm\u011bt, \u010d\u00e1st sv\u011btla se absorbuje, \u010d\u00e1st se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a \u010d\u00e1st proch\u00e1z\u00ed skrz. Index lomu materi\u00e1lu ur\u010duje, jak moc se sv\u011btlo ohne, kdy\u017e j\u00edm proch\u00e1z\u00ed. P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm indexu lomu p\u0159edm\u011btu jeho okol\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 doc\u00edlit toho, \u017ee p\u0159edm\u011bt bude vypadat neviditeln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metamateri\u00e1ly a transforma\u010dn\u00ed optika<\/h3>\n\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech vyvinuli v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pokro\u010dil\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako metamateri\u00e1ly a transforma\u010dn\u00ed optiku, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed manipulovat se sv\u011btlem neb\u00fdval\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Tyto materi\u00e1ly dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sv\u011btlo oh\u00fdbat, zaost\u0159ovat a dokonce i ru\u0161it, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty u\u010dinit neviditeln\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kutilsk\u00e1 neviditelnost<\/h3>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco high-tech pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b neviditelnosti jsou st\u00e1le ve v\u00fdvoji, existuje jednoduch\u00fd a levn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak u\u010dinit mal\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty neviditeln\u00fdmi doma. Tato technika, kterou p\u0159edvedl Ross Exton v At-Bristol Science Centre, zahrnuje pono\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btu do kapaliny s indexem lomu, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 indexu lomu p\u0159edm\u011btu.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kapaliny a oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btla<\/h3>\n\n<p>R\u016fzn\u00e9 kapaliny maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 indexy lomu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad voda m\u00e1 index lomu 1,33, zat\u00edmco glycerin m\u00e1 index lomu 1,47. V\u00fdb\u011brem kapaliny se spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm indexem lomu je mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout toho, \u017ee p\u0159edm\u011bt zmiz\u00ed z dohledu.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Praktick\u00e9 aplikace<\/h3>\n\n<p>Technologie neviditelnosti m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu praktick\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vojenstv\u00ed:<\/strong> Pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b neviditelnosti by mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity ke kamuflov\u00e1n\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f a vozidel, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by je u\u010dinily prakticky nezjistiteln\u00fdmi pro nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed:<\/strong> Neviditeln\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by mohla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita pro miniinvazivn\u00ed chirurgii, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm prov\u00e1d\u011bt z\u00e1kroky bez nutnosti velk\u00fdch \u0159ez\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1bava:<\/strong> Technologie neviditelnosti by mohla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pohlcuj\u00edc\u00edch a interaktivn\u00edch z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f v z\u00e1bavn\u00edch parc\u00edch a muze\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost neviditelnosti<\/h3>\n\n<p>Obor v\u00fdzkumu neviditelnosti se rychle vyv\u00edj\u00ed a neust\u00e1le se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco opravdov\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b neviditelnosti mohou b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b p\u00e1r let vzd\u00e1len\u00e9, pokroky, kter\u00fdch bylo doposud dosa\u017eeno, n\u00e1s p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eily dni, kdy budeme moci skute\u010dn\u011b zmizet z dohledu.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed informace o v\u011bd\u011b za neviditelnost\u00ed najdete na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch At-Bristol Science Centre: <a href=\"www.at-bristol.org.uk\/science-explained\/physics\/how-to-make-things-invisible\/\">www.at-bristol.org.uk\/science-explained\/physics\/how-to-make-things-invisible\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Chcete-li shl\u00e9dnout Ross Extonovu demonstraci neviditelnosti pomoc\u00ed kapalin, nav\u0161tivte video na YouTube: <a href=\"www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X5H-q2g_gWA\">www.youtube.com\/watch?v=X5H-q2g_gWA<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Chcete-li se dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o metamateri\u00e1lech a transforma\u010dn\u00ed optice, nav\u0161tivte n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed zdroje:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/metamaterial\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Metamateri\u00e1ly: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/metamaterial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rp-photonics.com\/transformation_optics.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Transforma\u010dn\u00ed optika: https:\/\/www.rp-photonics.com\/transformation_optics.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neviditelnost: Od science fiction k realit\u011b Hled\u00e1n\u00ed neviditelnosti Po stalet\u00ed my\u0161lenka neviditelnosti uchvacovala lidskou p\u0159edstavivost a inspirovala nespo\u010det p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o \u0161pionech, superhrdinech a magick\u00fdch bytostech. Zat\u00edmco opravdov\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b neviditelnosti mohou&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[965],"tags":[16338,18426,157,18427,1761,99,97],"class_list":["post-13697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics","tag-metamaterials","tag-invisibility","tag-science-fiction","tag-transformation-optics","tag-diy","tag-lifescienceart","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13697"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13698,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13697\/revisions\/13698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}