{"id":13760,"date":"2024-09-16T00:54:21","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T00:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13760"},"modified":"2024-09-16T00:54:21","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T00:54:21","slug":"aspirin-a-century-of-discoveries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/medicine\/aspirin-a-century-of-discoveries\/","title":{"rendered":"Aspirin: Stolet\u00ed objev\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aspirin: Stolet\u00ed objev\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Skromn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tky aspirinu<\/h2>\n\n

Po stalet\u00ed se lid\u00e9 spol\u00e9hali na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159edky ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed bolesti a z\u00e1n\u011btu. Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f byl salicin, slou\u010denina nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v k\u016f\u0159e b\u00edl\u00e9 vrby. Po\u010d\u00e1tkem 19. stolet\u00ed vyvinuli chemici koncentrovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formu salicinu zvanou kyselina salicylov\u00e1. A\u010dkoli \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b sni\u017eovala hore\u010dku, m\u011bla kyselina salicylov\u00e1 jednu v\u00fdznamnou nev\u00fdhodu: mohla po\u0161kodit v\u00fdstelku \u017ealudku.<\/p>\n\n

Zrozen\u00ed kyseliny acetylsalicylov\u00e9 (aspirinu)<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1897 mlad\u00fd chemik jm\u00e9nem Felix Hoffmann, pracuj\u00edc\u00ed pro n\u011bmeckou spole\u010dnost Bayer, u\u010dinil pr\u016flom. Objevil zp\u016fsob, jak modifikovat kyselinu salicylovou p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm acetylov\u00e9 skupiny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikla kyselina acetylsalicylov\u00e1 – aspirin, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1me dnes.<\/p>\n\n

Tlum\u00edc\u00ed vlastnosti aspirinu<\/h2>\n\n

Aspirinova schopnost ti\u0161it bolest a sni\u017eovat hore\u010dku byla rychle rozpozn\u00e1na. Spole\u010dnost Bayer uvedla l\u00e9k na trh pod n\u00e1zvem aspirin a brzy se stal z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. V 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed u\u010dinil l\u00e9ka\u0159 jm\u00e9nem Lawrence Craven dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd objev: aspirin m\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit tvorb\u011b krevn\u00edch sra\u017eenin v tepn\u00e1ch z\u00e1sobuj\u00edc\u00edch srdce.<\/p>\n\n

Role aspirinu v srde\u010dn\u00edm zdrav\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Velk\u00e9 studie od t\u00e9 doby potvrdily Cravenovy n\u00e1lezy. Aspirin prokazateln\u011b sni\u017euje riziko prvn\u00edho infarktu myokardu a\u017e o 44 % a riziko druh\u00e9ho infarktu myokardu o 30 %. Antikoagula\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti aspirinu z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed cenn\u00fd l\u00e9k pro osoby s rizikem srde\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Aspirin a prevence rakoviny<\/h2>\n\n

Krom\u011b sv\u00fdch kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f se aspirin uk\u00e1zal jako slibn\u00fd i v prevenci n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f rakoviny. V\u00fdzkumy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee aspirin m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva o 40 %, rakoviny j\u00edcnu o 80-90 % a rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f o 25 %.<\/p>\n\n

Aspirin a neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Aspirin m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tak\u00e9 neuroprotektivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. Studie prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee zpomalit progresi demence a Alzheimerovy choroby. Je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, abychom pln\u011b pochopili potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed roli aspirinu p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b t\u011bchto stav\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky a opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed aspirinu<\/h2>\n\n

A\u010dkoli je aspirin obecn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, jako jsou \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed nevolnosti, nevolnost a krv\u00e1cen\u00ed. Osoby s anamn\u00e9zou \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edch v\u0159ed\u016f nebo poruch krv\u00e1civosti by se m\u011bly p\u0159ed u\u017eit\u00edm aspirinu poradit se sv\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159em.<\/p>\n\n

Aspirin: V\u0161estrann\u00fd a trval\u00fd l\u00e9k<\/h2>\n\n

Od sv\u00fdch skromn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159edek a\u017e po sv\u016fj sou\u010dasn\u00fd status \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho l\u00e9ku m\u00e1 aspirin bohatou a fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed historii. Jeho analgetick\u00e9, antipyretick\u00e9 a antikoagula\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti z n\u011bj u\u010dinily z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men l\u00e9k\u00e1rni\u010dek po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Zat\u00edmco prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum i nad\u00e1le odhaluje nov\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody, v\u0161estrannost a trval\u00e1 obliba aspirinu jsou d\u016fkazem jeho \u00fa\u010dinnosti a bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aspirin: Stolet\u00ed objev\u016f Skromn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tky aspirinu Po stalet\u00ed se lid\u00e9 spol\u00e9hali na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159edky ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed bolesti a z\u00e1n\u011btu. Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f byl salicin, slou\u010denina nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v k\u016f\u0159e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24356,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[18501,1108,1332,18503,18502],"class_list":["post-13760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicine","tag-aspirin","tag-cancer-prevention","tag-heart-health","tag-neuroprotection","tag-pain-relief"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13760"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24357,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13760\/revisions\/24357"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}