{"id":1379,"date":"2023-05-27T16:19:17","date_gmt":"2023-05-27T16:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1379"},"modified":"2023-05-27T16:19:17","modified_gmt":"2023-05-27T16:19:17","slug":"the-science-of-chili-peppers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/biology\/the-science-of-chili-peppers\/","title":{"rendered":"Chilli papri\u010dky: Ohniv\u00e9 ovoce se slo\u017eitou histori\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chilli papri\u010dky: Ohniv\u00e9 ovoce se slo\u017eitou histori\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kapsaicin: Chemick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 d\u011bl\u00e1 chilli papri\u010dky p\u00e1liv\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kapsaicin je slou\u010denina nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v chilli papri\u010dk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1 jim dod\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich charakteristickou p\u00e1livou chu\u0165. Funguje tak, \u017ee se v\u00e1\u017ee na receptory na jazyku a v tr\u00e1vic\u00edm traktu, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit p\u00e1len\u00ed. Kapsaicin m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 antibakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed a protipl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 vlastnosti, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed konzerva\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evoluce p\u00e1livosti chilli papri\u010dek<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chilli papri\u010dky vyvinuly svou p\u00e1livost jako obrann\u00fd mechanismus proti hnilob\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 houbami. Kapsaicin br\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fstu hub a chr\u00e1n\u00ed semena papri\u010dek p\u0159ed infekc\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee kapsaicin odrazovat pred\u00e1tory semen, jako jsou hlodavci a pt\u00e1ci. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1ci se v\u0161ak vyvinuli tak, \u017ee kapsaicin toleruj\u00ed, co\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje j\u00edst chilli papri\u010dky a \u0161\u00ed\u0159it jejich semena.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role chilli papri\u010dek v lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Lid\u00e9 jed\u00ed chilli papri\u010dky ji\u017e nejm\u00e9n\u011b 8 000 let. Poprv\u00e9 byly domestikov\u00e1ny v Bol\u00edvii p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 6 000 lety. Chilli papri\u010dky se rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a staly se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ingredienc\u00ed mnoha kuchyn\u00ed. Dnes se chilli papri\u010dky konzumuj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd Ameri\u010dan sn\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 kg.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zdravotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy chilli papri\u010dek<\/h2>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b sv\u00e9 kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 hodnoty maj\u00ed chilli papri\u010dky tak\u00e9 \u0159adu zdravotn\u00edch benefit\u016f. Kapsaicin prokazateln\u011b sni\u017euje z\u00e1n\u011bty, zlep\u0161uje krevn\u00ed ob\u011bh a zrychluje metabolismus. Chilli papri\u010dky jsou tak\u00e9 dobr\u00fdm zdrojem vitam\u00edn\u016f A a C, drasl\u00edku a vl\u00e1kniny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed chilli papri\u010dek<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chilli papri\u010dky se p\u011bstuj\u00ed v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. D\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost tepl\u00fdm, slune\u010dn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m s dob\u0159e odvodn\u011bnou p\u016fdou. Chilli papri\u010dky lze p\u011bstovat ze semen nebo sazenic a obvykle dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed za 60 a\u017e 90 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy chilli papri\u010dek<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed stovky r\u016fzn\u00fdch odr\u016fd chilli papri\u010dek, ka\u017ed\u00e1 s vlastn\u00ed jedine\u010dnou chut\u00ed a p\u00e1livost\u00ed. Mezi nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odr\u016fdy pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Papriky: Jemn\u00e9 a sladk\u00e9, s p\u00e1livost\u00ed Scovilleovy stupnice 0<\/li>\n<li>Jalape\u00f1os: St\u0159edn\u011b p\u00e1liv\u00e9, s p\u00e1livost\u00ed Scovilleovy stupnice 2 500 a\u017e 8 000<\/li>\n<li>Habaneros: Velmi p\u00e1liv\u00e9, s p\u00e1livost\u00ed Scovilleovy stupnice 100 000 a\u017e 350 000<\/li>\n<li>Carolina Reapers: Extr\u00e9mn\u011b p\u00e1liv\u00e9, s p\u00e1livost\u00ed Scovilleovy stupnice p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 2 miliony<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed chilli papri\u010dek v kuchyni<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chilli papri\u010dky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pokrmech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Lze je p\u0159id\u00e1vat do pol\u00e9vek, gul\u00e1\u0161\u016f, om\u00e1\u010dek a marin\u00e1d. Chilli papri\u010dky lze tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b salsy, p\u00e1liv\u00e9 om\u00e1\u010dky a chilli pr\u00e1\u0161ku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam chilli papri\u010dek<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chilli papri\u010dky maj\u00ed hlubok\u00fd kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam v mnoha \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta. V Mexiku jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad chilli papri\u010dky pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za symbol mu\u017enosti a s\u00edly. V Indii se chilli papri\u010dky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch ob\u0159adech a festivalech.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost chilli papri\u010dek<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chilli papri\u010dky jsou v\u0161estrann\u00e9 a chutn\u00e9 ovoce s dlouhou a bohatou histori\u00ed. S t\u00edm, jak v\u00fdzkum pokra\u010duje v odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00edch benefit\u016f chilli papri\u010dek, bude jejich popularita pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nad\u00e1le r\u016fst. Krom\u011b toho se neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy chilli papri\u010dek, co\u017e spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chilli papri\u010dky: Ohniv\u00e9 ovoce se slo\u017eitou histori\u00ed Kapsaicin: Chemick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 d\u011bl\u00e1 chilli papri\u010dky p\u00e1liv\u00e9 Kapsaicin je slou\u010denina nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v chilli papri\u010dk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1 jim dod\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich charakteristickou p\u00e1livou chu\u0165.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[3079,136,27,113,3078,97,147],"class_list":["post-1379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-chili-peppers","tag-evolution","tag-history","tag-food","tag-capsaicin","tag-science","tag-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1379"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1380,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379\/revisions\/1380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}