{"id":138,"date":"2021-07-28T09:43:08","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T09:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=138"},"modified":"2021-07-28T09:43:08","modified_gmt":"2021-07-28T09:43:08","slug":"bachs-forgotten-horn-recreated-using-computer-software","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/music-and-technology\/bachs-forgotten-horn-recreated-using-computer-software\/","title":{"rendered":"Bach\u016fv zapomenut\u00fd roh: Hudebn\u00ed z\u00e1hada vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e1 v\u011bdou a po\u010d\u00edta\u010di"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bach\u016fv zapomenut\u00fd roh: Hudebn\u00ed z\u00e1hada vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e1 v\u011bdou<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1737 slo\u017eil Johann Sebastian Bach kant\u00e1tu, kter\u00e1 obsahovala v\u00fdzvu pro dva z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201eLitui\u201c. Lituus v\u0161ak byl po stalet\u00ed zapomenut, bez jedin\u00e9ho zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho dochovan\u00e9ho exempl\u00e1\u0159e nebo ilustrace.<\/p>\n\n

Lituus: Zapomenut\u00fd \u017ees\u0165ov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj<\/h2>\n\n

Lituus byl \u017ees\u0165ov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyroben\u00fd ze d\u0159eva, kter\u00fd se hr\u00e1l ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b. M\u011bl dlouh\u00fd, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd zvon a n\u00e1ustek vyroben\u00fd z kravsk\u00e9ho rohu. P\u0159esto\u017ee byl klasifikov\u00e1n jako \u017ees\u0165ov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, Lituus m\u011bl jedine\u010dn\u00fd zvuk a techniku hry, kter\u00e1 ho odli\u0161ovala od ostatn\u00edch \u017ees\u0165ov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Znovuzrozen\u00ed Lituu pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho softwaru<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 2011 se hudebn\u00edci ze Schola Cantorum Basiliensis (SCB) ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku pokusili znovu vytvo\u0159it Lituus pro proveden\u00ed Bachovy kant\u00e1ty. Spolupracovali s v\u011bdci z University of Edinburgh, kte\u0159\u00ed vyvinuli po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program pro pomoc p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu modern\u00edch \u017ees\u0165ov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

SCB poskytlo v\u011bdc\u016fm podrobn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na konstrukci, v\u010detn\u011b not, kter\u00e9 by se na Lituus hr\u00e1ly, jeho zvukov\u00fdch charakteristik a zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm se na n\u011bj mohlo hr\u00e1t. V\u011bdci tyto informace vyu\u017eili k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dva a p\u016fl metru dlouh\u00e9ho rohu z borovice s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm zvonem a n\u00e1ustkem z kravsk\u00e9ho rohu.<\/p>\n\n

Zvuk Lituu<\/h2>\n\n

Znovu vytvo\u0159en\u00fd Lituus byl pou\u017eit p\u0159i proveden\u00ed Bachovy kant\u00e1ty za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto roku. \u00daryvky z vystoupen\u00ed lze sly\u0161et online. Zvuk Lituu je jedine\u010dn\u00fd a v\u00fdrazn\u00fd, se sv\u011btl\u00fdm, pronikav\u00fdm t\u00f3nem, kter\u00fd se nepodob\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu jin\u00e9mu \u017ees\u0165ov\u00e9mu n\u00e1stroji.<\/p>\n\n

Lituus dnes<\/h2>\n\n

Znovu vytvo\u0159en\u00fd Lituus je d\u016fkazem s\u00edly po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 technologie a spolupr\u00e1ce mezi hudebn\u00edky a v\u011bdci. P\u0159esto\u017ee je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by byl pou\u017eit v mnoha p\u0159edstaven\u00edch, proto\u017ee Bachova kant\u00e1ta je jedin\u00fdm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm dochovan\u00fdm d\u00edlem, kter\u00e9 ho vy\u017eaduje, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program pou\u017eit\u00fd k jeho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l zp\u016fsobit revoluci v n\u00e1vrhu \u017ees\u0165ov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd software pro n\u00e1vrh n\u00e1stroj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program vyvinut\u00fd v\u011bdci z University of Edinburgh m\u016f\u017ee pomoci v\u00fdrobc\u016fm \u017ees\u0165ov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f vyladit jejich n\u00e1vrhy tak, aby vyhovovaly pot\u0159eb\u00e1m n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f. Software dok\u00e1\u017ee analyzovat akustick\u00e9 vlastnosti n\u00e1stroje a identifikovat oblasti, kde lze prov\u00e9st zm\u011bny ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed jeho zvuku nebo hratelnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Role lidsk\u00e9 odbornosti<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd software m\u016f\u017ee pomoci p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu \u017ees\u0165ov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 odbornost je st\u00e1le nezbytn\u00e1. Odborn\u00edci na opravy n\u00e1stroj\u016f maj\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed toho, jak r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti n\u00e1stroje ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed jeho zvuk a hratelnost. Mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt sv\u00e9 znalosti k proveden\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch \u00faprav, kter\u00e9 mohou zlep\u0161it v\u00fdkon n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n\n

Detekce net\u011bsnost\u00ed pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch program\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program vyvinut\u00fd v\u011bdci z University of Edinburgh m\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed: detekci net\u011bsnost\u00ed v budov\u00e1ch. Software lze pou\u017e\u00edt k anal\u00fdze akustick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed potrub\u00ed a kan\u00e1l\u016f za \u00fa\u010delem identifikace oblast\u00ed, kde mohou b\u00fdt net\u011bsnosti. Tato technologie by mohla pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 vodou a zlep\u0161it \u00fa\u010dinnost budov.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Znovuzrozen\u00ed Lituu pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho softwaru je fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak lze technologii vyu\u017e\u00edt k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed hudebn\u00edch z\u00e1had a k posunu vp\u0159ed v n\u00e1vrhu hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Zat\u00edmco samotn\u00fd Lituus m\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm a zapomenut\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program pou\u017eit\u00fd k jeho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na sv\u011bt hudby i mimo n\u011bj.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bach\u016fv zapomenut\u00fd roh: Hudebn\u00ed z\u00e1hada vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e1 v\u011bdou V roce 1737 slo\u017eil Johann Sebastian Bach kant\u00e1tu, kter\u00e1 obsahovala v\u00fdzvu pro dva z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201eLitui\u201c. Lituus v\u0161ak byl po stalet\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[393],"tags":[387,390,392,388,391,389],"class_list":["post-138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-music-and-technology","tag-bach","tag-computer-software","tag-music-and-science","tag-lituus","tag-instrument-design","tag-brass-instruments"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=138"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138\/revisions\/139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}