Des\u00edtky let se o novoguinsk\u00e9m zp\u011bvn\u00e9m psu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee je ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vyhynul\u00fd. Nov\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 studie v\u0161ak potvrdila, \u017ee populace t\u011bchto jedine\u010dn\u00fdch ps\u016f st\u00e1le existuje v horsk\u00fdch oblastech Papuy Nov\u00e9 Guineje.<\/p>\n\n
Novoguin\u0161t\u00ed zp\u011bvn\u00ed psi jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdm charakteristick\u00fdm v\u00fdk\u0159ikem, kter\u00fd jim dal jm\u00e9no. Jsou \u00fazce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed australsk\u00e9mu dingo a dom\u00e1c\u00edm ps\u016fm, ale maj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou genetickou v\u00fdbavu, kter\u00e1 je odli\u0161uje.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 2016 vedl James McIntyre, prezident nadace New Guinea Highland Wild Dog Foundation, expedici do drsn\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nu kolem dolu Grasberg v Papui Nov\u00e9 Guineji. T\u00fdm shrom\u00e1\u017edil fotografie a v\u00fdkaly divok\u00fdch ps\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednali novoguin\u0161t\u00edho zp\u011bvn\u00e9ho psa.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 2018 se v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vr\u00e1tili a odebrali krevn\u00ed vzorky od t\u0159\u00ed divok\u00fdch ps\u016f. Tyto vzorky byly pou\u017eity k sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed genomu ps\u016f a porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s DNA zajat\u00fdch novoguinsk\u00fdch zp\u011bvn\u00fdch ps\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch ps\u00edch plemen.<\/p>\n\n
Genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhalila, \u017ee horsk\u00e9 divok\u00e9 psy jsou skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed populac\u00ed novoguinsk\u00fdch zp\u011bvn\u00fdch ps\u016f. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee divok\u00e1 populace je mnohem geneticky rozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zajat\u00e1 populace, kter\u00e1 poch\u00e1z\u00ed jen z osmi jedinc\u016f a je siln\u011b inbredn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Znovuobjeven\u00ed populace divok\u00fdch novoguinsk\u00fdch zp\u011bvn\u00fdch ps\u016f m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 dopady na ochranu. Geneticky rozmanit\u00e1 divok\u00e1 populace poskytuje cennou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vr\u00e1tit p\u016fvodn\u00ed genetiku do zajat\u00e9 populace a zv\u00fd\u0161it jej\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Elaine Ostrander, geneti\u010dka na Americk\u00e9m N\u00e1rodn\u00edm institutu pro v\u00fdzkum lidsk\u00e9ho genomu a spoluautorka studie, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam divok\u00fdch ps\u016f pro ochranu biologie. \u201ePoskytuje n\u00e1m fantastickou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost znovu zav\u00e9st p\u016fvodn\u00ed genetiku t\u011bchto ps\u016f do t\u00e9to ochrann\u00e9 populace.\u201c<\/p>\n\n
Genom divok\u00fdch zp\u011bvn\u00fdch ps\u016f tak\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed pohled do historie domestikace ps\u016f. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed domestikovan\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed t\u011bchto ps\u016f jsou v\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00e1 plemena, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dau\u2011\u010dau, Akity a \u0161iba inu. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee zp\u011bvn\u00ed pes se mohl odd\u011blit od p\u0159edk\u016f t\u011bchto plemen p\u0159ed tis\u00edci lety, kdy lid\u00e9 a jejich ps\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00edci migrovali do Oce\u00e1nie.<\/p>\n\n
Ostrander poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee genom divok\u00fdch zp\u011bvn\u00fdch ps\u016f poskytuje \u201echyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, kterou p\u0159edt\u00edm opravdu nem\u011bli\u201c, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee pomoci objasnit slo\u017eitou historii domestikace ps\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Je pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, aby se l\u00e9pe porozum\u011blo ekologii, chov\u00e1n\u00ed a genetick\u00e9 rozmanitosti populace divok\u00fdch novoguinsk\u00fdch zp\u011bvn\u00fdch ps\u016f. Prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 aktivity na ochranu ps\u016f a jejich habitat\u016f, aby se zajistilo jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n\n
Znovuobjeven\u00ed novoguinsk\u00e9ho zp\u011bvn\u00e9ho psa je d\u016fkazem odolnosti p\u0159\u00edrody a v\u00fdznamu prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch snah. Tito jedine\u010dn\u00ed psi, o nich\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo, \u017ee jsou nav\u017edy ztraceni, byli op\u011bt nalezeni a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky o historii a rozmanitosti ps\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Novoguin\u0161t\u00ed zp\u011bvn\u00ed psi znovu objeveni ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b Objevov\u00e1n\u00ed ztracen\u00e9ho druhu Des\u00edtky let se o novoguinsk\u00e9m zp\u011bvn\u00e9m psu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee je ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vyhynul\u00fd. Nov\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 studie v\u0161ak potvrdila,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25399,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[254,3147,136,188,18606,401,18607],"class_list":["post-13834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-wildlife","tag-domestication","tag-evolution","tag-genetics","tag-new-guinea-singing-dog","tag-conservation","tag-rediscovered-species"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13834"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13834\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25400,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13834\/revisions\/25400"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}