{"id":13838,"date":"2024-07-02T20:00:27","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T20:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13838"},"modified":"2024-07-02T20:00:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T20:00:27","slug":"science-reading-habits-political-polarization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/science-and-society\/science-reading-habits-political-polarization\/","title":{"rendered":"Liber\u00e1lov\u00e9 a konzervativci: Dva odli\u0161n\u00e9 sv\u011bty ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dten\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Liber\u00e1lov\u00e9 a konzervativci \u010dtou diametr\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 knihy<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Politick\u00e1 polarizace v n\u00e1kupn\u00edch zvyklostech knih<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkum proveden\u00fd Jamesem Evansem, sociologem na University of Chicago, a Michaelem Macym, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00fdm v\u011bdcem na Cornell University, odhalil v\u00fdraznou propast v preferenc\u00edch liber\u00e1l\u016f a konzervativc\u016f pro v\u011bdeckou literaturu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metodika<\/h2>\n\n<p>Evans a Macy analyzovali data o n\u00e1kupu knih z Amazon.com a Barnes and Noble, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho kni\u017en\u00edho trhu. Vyu\u017eili funkce doporu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed knih na t\u011bchto webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch ke konstrukci rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00fdch knih propojen\u00fdch mezi sebou a s v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 000 konzervativn\u00edch a liber\u00e1ln\u00edch knih.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hlavn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studie zjistila, \u017ee liber\u00e1lov\u00e9 a konzervativci maj\u00ed nejen odli\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na v\u011bdeck\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, ale tak\u00e9 \u010dtou naprosto odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 knihy. Liber\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i si vybrali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm knihy o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch discipl\u00edn\u00e1ch, jako je antropologie, zat\u00edmco konzervativn\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i t\u00edhli ke knih\u00e1m o aplikovan\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch discipl\u00edn\u00e1ch, jako je medic\u00edna.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vliv polarizace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tato polarizace v n\u00e1kupn\u00edch zvyklostech knih m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdy a samotnou produkci v\u011bdy. Evans vyjad\u0159uje obavy, \u017ee tato propast by mohla v\u00e9st k zaujatosti ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu, proto\u017ee v\u011bdci mohou nev\u011bdomky navrhovat studie tak, aby potvrzovaly v\u00fdsledky, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed jejich politick\u00e9mu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed polarizace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studie identifikovala n\u011bkolik v\u011bdeck\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vykazovaly nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b polarizace, v\u010detn\u011b klimatologie, environment\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd, spole\u010densk\u00fdch v\u011bd a ekonomie. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee existovalo minim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed mezi knihami o klimatick\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011b zakoupen\u00fdmi liber\u00e1ly a t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 zakoupili konzervativci, co\u017e nazna\u010duje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd rozd\u00edl v jejich ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto t\u00e9mat.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role informa\u010dn\u00edch sil<\/h2>\n\n<p>James Druckman, politolog na Northwestern University, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje roli informa\u010dn\u00edch sil p\u0159i posilov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to polarizace. Jednotlivci maj\u00ed tendenci sdru\u017eovat se se zdroji m\u00e9di\u00ed a lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed sd\u00edlej\u00ed jejich politick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, co\u017e posiluje jejich ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee br\u00e1nit schopnosti v\u011bdy informovat politick\u00e9 debaty.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159eklenut\u00ed propasti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Evans zd\u016fraz\u0148uje pot\u0159ebu p\u0159eklenout v\u011bdeckou propast mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi ideologiemi. Navrhuje prozkoumat algoritmy doporu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed knih, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee neposiluj\u00ed ozv\u011bnov\u00e9 komory, povzbuzovat v\u011bdce ke komunikaci konsensu\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f ve sv\u00fdch oblastech a vytv\u00e1\u0159et f\u00f3ra, kde mohou jednotlivci s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory diskutovat o v\u011bd\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zab\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed se motivacemi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Toby Bolsen, politolog na Georgia State University, varuje, \u017ee studie nezkoumala motivace, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za rozhodnut\u00edmi jednotlivc\u016f o koupi knih. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto motivac\u00ed by poskytlo cenn\u00e9 poznatky o faktorech, kter\u00e9 vedou k polarizaci ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam sd\u00edlen\u00e9ho porozum\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Evans v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby se spole\u010dnost vypo\u0159\u00e1dala s v\u00fdzvou v\u011bdeck\u00e9 polarizace. Podpora spole\u010dn\u00e9ho porozum\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bdy je nezbytn\u00e1 pro zdravou demokracii. Podporou otev\u0159en\u00e9ho dialogu a p\u0159\u00edstupu k r\u016fzn\u00fdm perspektiv\u00e1m m\u016f\u017eeme umo\u017enit v\u011bd\u011b, aby se stala cenn\u00fdm zdrojem pro v\u0161echny ob\u010dany, bez ohledu na jejich politickou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Liber\u00e1lov\u00e9 a konzervativci \u010dtou diametr\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 knihy Politick\u00e1 polarizace v n\u00e1kupn\u00edch zvyklostech knih V\u00fdzkum proveden\u00fd Jamesem Evansem, sociologem na University of Chicago, a Michaelem Macym, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00fdm v\u011bdcem na&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23765,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18612],"tags":[18611,18609,18608,18610,160],"class_list":["post-13838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-society","tag-information-silos","tag-book-buying-habits","tag-political-polarization","tag-public-understanding-of-science","tag-science-communication"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13839,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13838\/revisions\/13839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}