{"id":1385,"date":"2023-10-30T07:17:40","date_gmt":"2023-10-30T07:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1385"},"modified":"2023-10-30T07:17:40","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T07:17:40","slug":"clocks-timekeeping-history-and-the-master-horologist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/horology\/clocks-timekeeping-history-and-the-master-horologist\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie hodin a um\u011bn\u00ed hodin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Historie hodin a hodin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd mistr<\/h2>\n\n

Oprava hodin v srdci Manhattanu<\/h2>\n\n

John Metcalfe, zru\u010dn\u00fd hodin\u00e1\u0159, je ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let st\u00e1lic\u00ed ve finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010dtvrti New Yorku. P\u0159es pov\u011bst oblasti o \u010dasov\u00e9m presu nab\u00edz\u00ed Metcalfe\u016fv malebn\u00fd hodin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd obchod \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ne\u00faprosn\u00fdm tempem.<\/p>\n\n

Trval\u00e1 p\u0159ita\u017elivost \u010dasom\u011brn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Metcalfeova fascinace hodinami za\u010dala v d\u011btstv\u00ed, kdy\u017e objevil rozbit\u00fd bud\u00edk v zahradn\u00edm domku sv\u00e9 babi\u010dky. Intrikovala ho jeho slo\u017eit\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, a tak se vydal na celo\u017eivotn\u00ed cestu mistra v restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed staro\u017eitn\u00fdch hodin.<\/p>\n\n

Hodiny jako historick\u00e9 artefakty<\/h2>\n\n

Hodin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u00edlny kdysi vzkv\u00e9taly na Lower Manhattanu a opravovaly chronometry na palub\u00e1ch plachetnic zakotven\u00fdch ve m\u011bst\u011b. Metcalfeova p\u0159\u00edtomnost v oblasti je d\u016fkazem historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasu v New Yorku.<\/p>\n\n

Mechanika \u010dasu<\/h2>\n\n

Hodiny, technicky vzato, ukazuj\u00ed \u010das, zat\u00edmco hodiny odb\u00edjej\u00ed hodiny nebo zvonkohru. Vyn\u00e1lez p\u0159enosn\u00e9 hnac\u00ed pru\u017einy zrevolucionizoval m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasu a poskytl hodin\u00e1m spolehliv\u00fd zdroj energie. Krokov\u00fd mechanismus, kter\u00fd reguluje uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed energie, vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 charakteristick\u00fd zvuk tik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Hodiny jako kulturn\u00ed artefakty<\/h2>\n\n

Hodiny zdobily portr\u00e9ty a slou\u017eily jako symboly postaven\u00ed od dob renesance. Zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed hodnotu \u010dasu a touhu kontrolovat jeho plynut\u00ed. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku se mechanick\u00e9 hodiny staly symbolem spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du a synchronizovaly lidsk\u00e9 \u010diny s p\u0159esn\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eitost \u00fadr\u017eby hodin<\/h2>\n\n

Star\u00e9 hodiny vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pe\u010dlivou p\u00e9\u010di, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna jejich dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost. Metcalfeova odbornost v natahov\u00e1n\u00ed, maz\u00e1n\u00ed a se\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee tyto cen\u011bn\u00e9 \u010dasom\u00edry budou i nad\u00e1le bezchybn\u011b fungovat.<\/p>\n\n

Role hodin v lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n

Esej Lewise Mumforda “Kl\u00e1\u0161ter a hodiny” zd\u016fraz\u0148uje hlubok\u00fd vliv m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasu na lidskou civilizaci. Hodiny n\u00e1m umo\u017enily m\u011b\u0159it, organizovat a zpen\u011b\u017eit \u010das a formovat tak n\u00e1\u0161 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n

11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a odolnost hodin<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2001 Metcalfe z okna sv\u00e9ho obchodu sledoval zhroucen\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho centra. Hodiny v jeho d\u00edln\u011b z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u011b p\u0159e\u017eily n\u00e1raz a pokra\u010dovaly v chodu, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o jejich odolnosti a trval\u00e9 s\u00edle \u010dasu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Um\u011bn\u00ed restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed hodin<\/h2>\n\n

    Metcalfeova d\u00edlna je pokladnic\u00ed n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch \u010dasom\u011brn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 hodiny vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, od francouzsk\u00fdch gotick\u00fdch ozdob a\u017e po americk\u00e1 masov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 banjo. Metcalfe pomoc\u00ed star\u00fdch ru\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a precizn\u00edho doteku vdechuje nov\u00fd \u017eivot t\u011bmto mechanick\u00fdm skvost\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

    Odkaz m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasu<\/h2>\n\n

    Hodiny hr\u00e1ly v pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 civilizace. Zaznamen\u00e1valy plynut\u00ed \u010dasu, synchronizovaly na\u0161e \u010diny a slou\u017eily jako um\u011bleck\u00e9 a kulturn\u00ed ikony. Metcalfeova oddanost zachov\u00e1n\u00ed a restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed staro\u017eitn\u00fdch hodin zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee tento odkaz bude i nad\u00e1le inspirovat budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Historie hodin a hodin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd mistr Oprava hodin v srdci Manhattanu John Metcalfe, zru\u010dn\u00fd hodin\u00e1\u0159, je ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let st\u00e1lic\u00ed ve finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010dtvrti New Yorku. P\u0159es pov\u011bst oblasti o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3095],"tags":[3093,27,3089,3088,3090,3092,3091,3094],"class_list":["post-1385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-horology","tag-9-11","tag-history","tag-horology","tag-clocks","tag-timekeeping","tag-clock-repair","tag-antique-clocks","tag-time-and-civilization"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1386,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1385\/revisions\/1386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}