{"id":13913,"date":"2022-03-21T18:29:58","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T18:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13913"},"modified":"2022-03-21T18:29:58","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T18:29:58","slug":"otters-social-learning-foraging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/animal-behavior\/otters-social-learning-foraging\/","title":{"rendered":"Vydry: Mist\u0159i soci\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed a odborn\u00edci na hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vydry: Mistry soci\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed a experti v hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy<\/h2>\n\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed u vyder<\/h2>\n\n

Vydry jsou vysoce inteligentn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata s pozoruhodnou schopnost\u00ed u\u010dit se od sebe navz\u00e1jem. Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako soci\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed, byl kdysi pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vz\u00e1cn\u00fd v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, ale ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee je vlastn\u011b docela b\u011b\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

Nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Royal Society Open Science poskytuje d\u016fkaz, \u017ee se vydry u\u010d\u00ed, jak hledat potravu, t\u00edm, \u017ee pozoruj\u00ed jin\u00e9 vydry. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci p\u0159edkl\u00e1dali potravinov\u00e9 h\u00e1danky asijsk\u00fdm vydr\u00e1m dr\u00e1pat\u00fdm a m\u011b\u0159ili, jak dlouho jim trvalo, ne\u017e se dostaly k masov\u00e9 cen\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee vydry vy\u0159e\u0161ily h\u00e1danky v\u00fdrazn\u011b rychleji pot\u00e9, co vid\u011bly, jak je jejich spole\u010dn\u00edci vy\u0159e\u0161ili jako prvn\u00ed. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee vydry jsou schopny nau\u010dit se slo\u017eit\u00e9 techniky hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Role soci\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy u vyder<\/h2>\n\n

Hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy je slo\u017eit\u00e1 dovednost, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje, aby zv\u00ed\u0159ata v\u011bd\u011bla, kde hledat potravu, jak\u00e1 potrava je bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 k j\u00eddlu a jak se dostat kolem ochrann\u00fdch vrstev, jako jsou sko\u0159\u00e1pky. Vydry maj\u00ed \u0159adu specializovan\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy a d\u0159\u00edve nebylo jasn\u00e9, jak tyto dovednosti z\u00edskaly.<\/p>\n\n

Nov\u00e1 studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy u vyder. Vydry ve skupin\u00e1ch se mohou spol\u00e9hat na skupinu p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed oblast\u00ed s potravou a slibn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f potravy, ale pak u\u017e p\u0159ijdou na to, jak si samy otev\u0159\u00edt ka\u017edou lasturu.<\/p>\n\n

Implikace soci\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed vyder pro jejich ochranu<\/h2>\n\n

Studie o soci\u00e1ln\u00edm u\u010den\u00ed vyder maj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro jejich ochranu. Vydry jsou sentineln\u00edmi druhy, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou ukazatelem zdrav\u00ed sv\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jsou tak\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi druhy, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zdrav\u00ed dan\u00e9ho stanovi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Pochopen\u00ed toho, jak se vydry u\u010d\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee pomoci v\u011bdc\u016fm zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm se ochranou p\u0159\u00edrody vyvinout strategie na ochranu t\u011bchto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at. Nap\u0159\u00edklad studium zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak\u00fdmi se vydry u\u010d\u00ed, by mohlo pomoci v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm nau\u010dit vydry v zajet\u00ed, jak otev\u00edrat zdroje potravy ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, ne\u017e je vypust\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed k v\u00fduce vyder v zajet\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Nadm\u011brn\u00fd rybolov ohro\u017euje ko\u0159ist, na kterou se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed vydry dr\u00e1pat\u00e9 ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, tak\u017ee ohro\u017euje i je samotn\u00e9. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zkoumaj\u00ed mo\u017enost vyu\u017eit\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed k v\u00fduce vyder v zajet\u00ed, jak \u017e\u00edt ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee t\u00edm, \u017ee vystav\u00ed vydry v zajet\u00ed zku\u0161en\u00fdm hleda\u010d\u016fm potravy, je nau\u010d\u00ed dovednosti, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. To by mohlo pomoci zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost program\u016f reintrodukce vyder.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy p\u0159i ochran\u011b populac\u00ed vyder<\/h2>\n\n

Ochrana populac\u00ed vyder \u010del\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b v\u00fdzev, v\u010detn\u011b ztr\u00e1ty stanovi\u0161\u0165, zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho rybolovu. Nadm\u011brn\u00fd rybolov je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed hrozbou pro asijsk\u00e9 vydry dr\u00e1pat\u00e9, proto\u017ee sni\u017euje dostupnost jejich ko\u0159isti.<\/p>\n\n

Ochran\u00e1\u0159i pracuj\u00ed na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto v\u00fdzev a ochran\u011b populac\u00ed vyder. Pochopen\u00edm role soci\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy u vyder mohou v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vyvinout \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategie ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Vydry jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata s pozoruhodnou schopnost\u00ed u\u010dit se od sebe navz\u00e1jem. Toto soci\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy a m\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody. Pochopen\u00edm toho, jak se vydry u\u010d\u00ed, mohou v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vyvinout strategie na ochranu t\u011bchto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a zajistit jejich dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vydry: Mistry soci\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed a experti v hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed u vyder Vydry jsou vysoce inteligentn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata s pozoruhodnou schopnost\u00ed u\u010dit se od sebe navz\u00e1jem. Tento jev, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[254,401,18730,18729,15600],"class_list":["post-13913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-wildlife","tag-conservation","tag-foraging","tag-social-learning","tag-otters"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13913"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13913\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13914,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13913\/revisions\/13914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}