V\u011bdci se ji\u017e dlouho sna\u017e\u00ed rozlu\u0161tit z\u00e1hadu, jak a kde se psi vyvinuli z vlk\u016f a stali se na\u0161imi milovan\u00fdmi spole\u010dn\u00edky. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Nature p\u0159idala do t\u00e9to skl\u00e1da\u010dky v\u00fdznamn\u00fd d\u00edlek a nazna\u010duje, \u017ee modern\u00ed psi mohli vzej\u00edt ze dvou odli\u0161n\u00fdch populac\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00fdch vlk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Studie analyzovala genomy 72 prav\u011bk\u00fdch vlk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili v Evrop\u011b, Sibi\u0159i a Severn\u00ed Americe b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 100 000 let. Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto genom\u016f s DNA dne\u0161n\u00edch ps\u016f v\u011bdci vytvo\u0159ili genetick\u00fd rodokmen, kter\u00fd poskytuje poznatky o p\u016fvodu vlka v dob\u011b, kdy se objevili psi.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkum odhalil, \u017ee psi maj\u00ed u\u017e\u0161\u00ed genetick\u00fd vztah k prav\u011bk\u00fdm vlk\u016fm v Asii ne\u017e k t\u011bm v Evrop\u011b. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee psi mohli poch\u00e1zet n\u011bkde z Asie, mo\u017en\u00e1 ze dvou samostatn\u00fdch vl\u010d\u00edch populac\u00ed: jedn\u00e9 ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii a druh\u00e9 na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
A\u010dkoli jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 dv\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti domestikace, dal\u0161\u00edm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm je, \u017ee psi byli domestikov\u00e1ni na jednom m\u00edst\u011b a pozd\u011bji se k\u0159\u00ed\u017eili s vlky jinde, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se jejich DNA sm\u00edchala. V\u011bdci nemohou definitivn\u011b ur\u010dit, kter\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 je spr\u00e1vn\u00fd, ale usuzuj\u00ed, \u017ee na domestikaci psa se pod\u00edlely alespo\u0148 dv\u011b zdrojov\u00e9 populace vlk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory rozmanitosti vl\u010d\u00ed DNA studie neidentifikovala jedin\u00e9ho prav\u011bk\u00e9ho vlka, kter\u00fd by byl p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd v\u0161em modern\u00edm ps\u016fm. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak pozorovali, \u017ee vl\u010d\u00ed populace po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b z\u016fstaly geneticky propojen\u00e9 po desetitis\u00edce let. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee vlci pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b hodn\u011b cestovali a k\u0159\u00ed\u017eili se, co\u017e mohlo p\u0159isp\u011bt k jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed na konci doby ledov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 2019 objevili archeologov\u00e9 v Sibi\u0159i 18 000 let star\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bn\u011b. V\u011bdci zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vedli debatu, zda \u0161lo o vlka, nebo o psa. Po anal\u00fdze jeho genetiky v\u011bdci v t\u00e9to studii ur\u010dili, \u017ee \u0161lo o vlka, co\u017e poskytlo dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkaz o rozmanitosti vlk\u016f b\u011bhem doby ledov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f prav\u011bk\u00fdch vlk\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, zejm\u00e9na z ji\u017en\u00ed polokoule, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdzvou kv\u016fli lep\u0161\u00ed konzervaci DNA v chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm klimatu. V\u011bdci pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u00edce vzork\u016f, aby vytvo\u0159ili \u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz o p\u016fvodu psa a ur\u010dili p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u00edsto a dobu domestikace psa.<\/p>\n\n
Tento v\u00fdzkum p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed domestikace psa. Poskytuje podrobn\u00fd genetick\u00fd obraz p\u016fvodu vlka, zu\u017euje mo\u017en\u00e9 lokality p\u016fvodu psa a nazna\u010duje, \u017ee na evoluci na\u0161ich ps\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016f se pod\u00edlelo v\u00edce vl\u010d\u00edch populac\u00ed. Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, vyzbrojen\u00fd neust\u00e1le se rozr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed sb\u00edrkou genom\u016f prav\u011bk\u00fdch vlk\u016f, n\u00e1s nepochybn\u011b p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1hady, jak a kde se psi poprv\u00e9 stali na\u0161imi nejlep\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00e1teli.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Psi: Potomci dvou populac\u00ed vlk\u016f? Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na domestikaci psa V\u011bdci se ji\u017e dlouho sna\u017e\u00ed rozlu\u0161tit z\u00e1hadu, jak a kde se psi vyvinuli z vlk\u016f a stali se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[3147,136,188,3196,99,5979],"class_list":["post-13923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-domestication","tag-evolution","tag-genetics","tag-dogs","tag-lifescienceart","tag-wolves"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13923"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13924,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13923\/revisions\/13924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}