{"id":13933,"date":"2022-05-31T03:05:15","date_gmt":"2022-05-31T03:05:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13933"},"modified":"2022-05-31T03:05:15","modified_gmt":"2022-05-31T03:05:15","slug":"avian-flu-the-flu-hunter-robert-webster-and-the-threat-of-a-global-pandemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/health-and-medicine\/avian-flu-the-flu-hunter-robert-webster-and-the-threat-of-a-global-pandemic\/","title":{"rendered":"Lovec ch\u0159ipky: Robert Webster a hrozba pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lovec ch\u0159ipky: Robert Webster a hrozba pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka: celosv\u011btov\u00e1 hrozba<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako pta\u010d\u00ed influenza, je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee infikovat pt\u00e1ky i lidi. Kmen H5N1 pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky se uk\u00e1zal jako hlavn\u00ed hrozba pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu zp\u016fsobit celosv\u011btovou pandemii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Robert Webster: lovec ch\u0159ipky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Robert Webster, uzn\u00e1van\u00fd virolog, v\u011bnoval svou kari\u00e9ru studiu ch\u0159ipkov\u00fdch vir\u016f a varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Webster\u016fv v\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159il na rozhran\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk-zv\u00ed\u0159e u ch\u0159ipky, zejm\u00e9na na roli pt\u00e1k\u016f p\u0159i p\u0159enosu viru na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Epidemie v Hongkongu<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1997 vyvolala epidemie H5N1 v Hongkongu u Webstera poplach. Virus p\u0159e\u0161el z pt\u00e1k\u016f na \u010dlov\u011bka a zp\u016fsobil u d\u011bt\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a smrt. Webster rozpoznal potenci\u00e1l pandemie a nal\u00e9hal na zdravotnick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady, aby podnikly kroky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role prasat<\/h2>\n\n<p>Webster\u016fv v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee prasata hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m vzniku pandemick\u00fdch kmen\u016f ch\u0159ipky. Prasata jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 k ch\u0159ipkov\u00fdm vir\u016fm u lid\u00ed i pt\u00e1k\u016f, a kdy\u017e ob\u011b varianty infikuj\u00ed bu\u0148ku prasete, mohou si vym\u011bnit genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Tento proces, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako \u201evirov\u00fd sex\u201c, m\u016f\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 varianty schopn\u00e9 se snadno \u0161\u00ed\u0159it z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hrozba pandemie<\/h2>\n\n<p>H5N1 zat\u00edm nez\u00edskal schopnost snadno se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka, ale Webster v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee je to jen ot\u00e1zka \u010dasu. Pokud nebude vyvinuta \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 vakc\u00edna a nebudou dostupn\u00e9 antivirov\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, mohla by pandemie zp\u016fsobit rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edprava na pandemii<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vl\u00e1dy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se nyn\u00ed p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na mo\u017enou pandemii. Vypracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed se d\u016fkladn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na koordinaci reakc\u00ed, z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed antivirov\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch vakc\u00edn. Webster rad\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm na ka\u017ed\u00e9m kroku a \u010derp\u00e1 ze sv\u00fdch desetilet\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a odborn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vychytral\u00e1 povaha viru H5N1<\/h2>\n\n<p>Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee H5N1 je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vychytral\u00fd virus. Ji\u017e se nau\u010dil infikovat tygry a dal\u0161\u00ed ko\u010dky, co\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nedok\u00e1zala. Webster varuje, \u017ee tato schopnost zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee virus z\u00edsk\u00e1 geny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro p\u0159enos z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky testov\u00e1n\u00ed na zv\u00ed\u0159atech<\/h2>\n\n<p>Webster\u016fv v\u00fdzkum se do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry spol\u00e9hal na testov\u00e1n\u00ed na zv\u00ed\u0159atech, co\u017e vyvolalo etick\u00e9 obavy. Webster v\u0161ak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy jeho v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed nad riziky. Pochopen\u00edm toho, jak se ch\u0159ipkov\u00e9 viry vyv\u00edjej\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, mohou v\u011bdci vyvinout lep\u0161\u00ed vakc\u00edny a l\u00e9\u010dbu pro ochranu lidsk\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fle\u017eitost o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem v prevenci \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ch\u0159ipky. Webster hr\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji prvn\u00ed \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00ed ch\u0159ipkov\u00e9 vakc\u00edny. V\u011bt\u0161ina standardn\u00edch o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce dodnes funguje na principech, kter\u00e9 stanovili Webster a jeho kolegov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed chorob p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159aty<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zv\u00ed\u0159ata jsou \u010dast\u00fdm zdrojem nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou po\u0161kodit \u010dlov\u011bka. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie zjistila, \u017ee 61 % mikrob\u016f zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u lid\u00ed je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eno zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Za p\u0159enos v\u011bt\u0161iny t\u011bchto mikrob\u016f na \u010dlov\u011bka jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed ko\u010dky, psi, kon\u011b a prasata.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role kachen<\/h2>\n\n<p>Webster se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee kachny mohou hr\u00e1t roli v \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky. Kachny jsou \u010dasto infikov\u00e1ny viry pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky, ale obvykle neonemocn\u00ed. To jim umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et virus na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ho p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et na jin\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky a lidi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Honba za vakc\u00ednou<\/h2>\n\n<p>Webster a jeho kolegov\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed na v\u00fdvoji nov\u00e9 vakc\u00edny speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro H5N1. C\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159it vakc\u00ednu, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159ed virem chr\u00e1nit, ne\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1 schopnost snadno se \u0161\u00ed\u0159it z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kachny Peabody<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee m\u00e1 Webster obavy z chorob p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159aty, r\u00e1d pozoruje slavn\u00e9 kachny v hotelu Peabody v Memphisu. Kachny v\u0161ak netestoval na pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipku, proto\u017ee se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkdy je lep\u0161\u00ed nev\u011bd\u011bt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lovec ch\u0159ipky: Robert Webster a hrozba pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky Pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka: celosv\u011btov\u00e1 hrozba Pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako pta\u010d\u00ed influenza, je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee infikovat pt\u00e1ky i lidi. Kmen&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[463],"tags":[7937,1151,4208,97,178,5832,3792],"class_list":["post-13933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-and-medicine","tag-influenza","tag-pandemic","tag-avian-flu","tag-science","tag-public-health","tag-virology","tag-zoonotic-diseases"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13933"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13934,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13933\/revisions\/13934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}