Rozvr\u017een\u00ed a design m\u011bst m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na schopnost ob\u010dan\u016f protestovat a prosadit sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky. Je to proto, \u017ee urbanistick\u00fd design m\u016f\u017ee ovliv\u0148ovat faktory, jako je p\u0159\u00edstupnost, viditelnost a bezpe\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n
Ve m\u011bstech s protest\u016fm p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm designem, jako jsou At\u00e9ny v \u0158ecku, maj\u00ed demonstranti p\u0159\u00edstup k \u0161irok\u00fdm bulv\u00e1r\u016fm a velk\u00fdm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edm, kter\u00e1 poskytuj\u00ed dostatek prostoru pro shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu se mohou snadn\u011bji organizovat a pochodovat a ve\u0159ejnost je m\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9pe vid\u011bt a sly\u0161et.<\/p>\n\n
Naopak m\u011bsta s m\u00e9n\u011b protest\u016fm p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm designem, jako je Los Angeles v Kalifornii, mohou zt\u011b\u017eovat demonstrant\u016fm efektivn\u00ed shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed demonstrac\u00ed. Je to proto, \u017ee tato m\u011bsta \u010dasto postr\u00e1daj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed shroma\u017edi\u0161t\u011b a maj\u00ed rozlehl\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 demonstrant\u016fm zt\u011b\u017euje dosa\u017een\u00ed jejich c\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 charakteristiky mohou m\u011bsta \u010dinit v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b vhodn\u00fdmi pro protesty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u011bsta s vysokou hustotou obyvatelstva maj\u00ed tendenci m\u00edt v\u00edce ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho prostoru a m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek pro pohyb, co\u017e demonstrant\u016fm usnad\u0148uje shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a pohyb.<\/p>\n\n
M\u011bsta s kompaktn\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, jako je K\u00e1hira v Egypt\u011b, maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 tendenci b\u00fdt v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1 protest\u016fm, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed demonstrant\u016fm se snadn\u011bji a rychleji dostat do c\u00edle. Naopak m\u011bsta s rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, jako je Phoenix v Arizon\u011b, mohou demonstrant\u016fm zt\u011b\u017eovat shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu.<\/p>\n\n
Urbanistick\u00fd design lze vyu\u017e\u00edt jak k usnadn\u011bn\u00ed, tak k br\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed protest\u016f. M\u011bsta nap\u0159\u00edklad mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et vyhrazen\u00e9 protestn\u00ed z\u00f3ny nebo poskytovat jin\u00e9 prostory, kter\u00e9 jsou speci\u00e1ln\u011b ur\u010deny pro demonstrace. To m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zajistit, aby protesty prob\u00edhaly bezpe\u010dn\u011b a \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
M\u011bsta v\u0161ak mohou tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt urbanistick\u00fd design k tomu, aby demonstrant\u016fm zt\u00ed\u017eily shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed demonstrac\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mohou instalovat bari\u00e9ry nebo ploty kolem vl\u00e1dn\u00edch budov nebo jin\u00fdch citliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Mohou tak\u00e9 omezit p\u0159\u00edstup k ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm prostranstv\u00edm nebo vyhl\u00e1sit z\u00e1kaz vych\u00e1zen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Omezen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho prostoru m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na schopnost ob\u010dan\u016f protestovat. Je to proto, \u017ee ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prostor je pro demonstranty nezbytn\u00fd k tomu, aby se mohli shroma\u017e\u010fovat, organizovat a prosazovat sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n\n
Ve m\u011bstech, kde je ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prostor omezen\u00fd nebo zna\u010dn\u011b omezen\u00fd, mohou m\u00edt demonstranti pot\u00ed\u017ee s nalezen\u00edm m\u00edsta, kde se mohou setkat a protestovat. To m\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm usnadnit rozehn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo potla\u010den\u00ed protest\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
\u00dasp\u011bch revoluc\u00ed arabsk\u00e9ho jara v K\u00e1hi\u0159e v Egypt\u011b lze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst relativn\u011b kompaktn\u00ed velikosti m\u011bsta a vysok\u00e9 hustot\u011b jeho obyvatelstva. D\u00edky tomu se mohli demonstranti snadn\u011bji shroma\u017e\u010fovat ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu a rychle a snadno se dost\u00e1vat do c\u00edle.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Tahr\u00edr, velk\u00e9ho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, tak\u00e9 sehr\u00e1la kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v \u00fasp\u011bchu protest\u016f. N\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed poskytlo demonstrant\u016fm \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed bod a umo\u017enilo jim se shroma\u017e\u010fovat ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu, ani\u017e by je bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed s\u00edly rozehnaly.<\/p>\n\n
Tak\u00e9 topografie m\u011bsta m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit \u00fa\u010dinnost protest\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u011bsta se strm\u00fdmi kopci nebo \u00fazk\u00fdmi ulicemi mohou demonstrant\u016fm zt\u011b\u017eovat pohyb a shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu.<\/p>\n\n
Naopak m\u011bsta s ploch\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem a \u0161irok\u00fdmi ulicemi mohou demonstrant\u016fm usnadnit shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a pochodov\u00e1n\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it viditelnost a dopad jejich demonstrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
N\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u011bsta u\u010dinila kroky, aby se stala odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u016f\u010di protest\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm urbanistick\u00e9ho designu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad instalovala bari\u00e9ry nebo ploty kolem vl\u00e1dn\u00edch budov a jin\u00fdch citliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 omezila p\u0159\u00edstup k ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm prostranstv\u00edm nebo vyhl\u00e1sila z\u00e1kaz vych\u00e1zen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt kontroverzn\u00ed a nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 p\u0159i prevenci protest\u016f. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou dokonce demonstrant\u016fm zt\u011b\u017eovat v\u00fdkon jejich pr\u00e1va na svobodn\u00e9 shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V posledn\u00edch letech mnoho m\u011bst transformovalo tradi\u010dn\u00ed shroma\u017edi\u0161t\u011b, aby demonstrant\u016fm zt\u00ed\u017eilo shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad instalovala kolem t\u011bchto oblast\u00ed bari\u00e9ry nebo ploty nebo omezila k nim p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/p>\n\n
To demonstrant\u016fm zt\u00ed\u017eilo organizov\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed demonstrac\u00ed v t\u011bchto oblastech. Nezastavilo to v\u0161ak kon\u00e1n\u00ed protest\u016f. Demonstranti prost\u011b na\u0161li jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak se shrom\u00e1\u017edit a prosadit sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n\n
Viditelnost je pro protestn\u00ed hnut\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Je to proto, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje demonstrant\u016fm, aby je ve\u0159ejnost a rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9 vid\u011bli a sly\u0161eli.<\/p>\n\n
Demonstranti mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt \u0159adu taktik ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9 viditelnosti, jako je pochodov\u00e1n\u00ed v ulic\u00edch, po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostranstv\u00edch a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed ke \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho poselstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V posledn\u00edch letech se demonstranti za\u010dali shroma\u017e\u010fovat na nov\u00fdch symbolick\u00fdch m\u00edstech. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Minneapolisu v Minnesot\u011b se demonstranti \u010dasto shroma\u017e\u010fovali pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u00edsta, kde byl zabit George Floyd.<\/p>\n\n
Tato nov\u00e1 symbolick\u00e1 m\u00edsta poskytuj\u00ed demonstrant\u016fm \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed bod pro jejich demonstrace a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zvy\u0161ovat jejich viditelnost.<\/p>\n\n
Po desetilet\u00edch \u00fapadku hraje ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prostor op\u011bt z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v protestn\u00edch hnut\u00edch. Je to proto, \u017ee ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prostor poskytuje ob\u010dan\u016fm m\u00edsto, kde se mohou shroma\u017e\u010fovat, organizovat a prosazovat sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n\n
Pandemie a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 uzam\u010den\u00ed pouze pos\u00edlily v\u00fdznam ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho prostoru. Lid\u00e9 si nyn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e kdy jindy uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu m\u00edst, kde se mohou setk\u00e1vat a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se spojovat.<\/p>\n\n
V d\u016fsledku toho bude ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prostor pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b hr\u00e1t kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v protestn\u00edch hnut\u00edch i v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Urbanistick\u00fd design: Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd faktor v protestn\u00edch hnut\u00edch Vliv urbanistick\u00e9ho designu Rozvr\u017een\u00ed a design m\u011bst m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na schopnost ob\u010dan\u016f protestovat a prosadit sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky. Je to proto, \u017ee…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[921],"tags":[1368,18764,495,7412,18765],"class_list":["post-13943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-issues","tag-activism","tag-protest-movements","tag-urban-design","tag-city-planning","tag-public-space"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13943"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13944,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13943\/revisions\/13944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}