{"id":14006,"date":"2023-08-08T12:59:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T12:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14006"},"modified":"2023-08-08T12:59:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T12:59:15","slug":"gotthard-base-tunnel-engineering-marvel-swiss-alps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/engineering-and-technology\/gotthard-base-tunnel-engineering-marvel-swiss-alps\/","title":{"rendered":"Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel: In\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd z\u00e1zrak"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel: In\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd z\u00e1zrak<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzva v podob\u011b p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch Alp<\/h2>\n\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 Alpy se sv\u00fdmi ty\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi se vrcholy a \u010dlenit\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem p\u0159edstavovaly po dlouhou dobu nep\u0159ekonatelnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku pro dopravu. Po stalet\u00ed musely vlaky, kter\u00e9 se pokou\u0161ely p\u0159ekonat hory, klikatit se nahoru a dol\u016f po svaz\u00edch, co\u017e \u010dinilo cestu pomalou a nam\u00e1havou.<\/p>\n\n

Vize transalpsk\u00e9ho tunelu<\/h2>\n\n

V polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed za\u010dali in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i sn\u00edt o odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed: tunelu, kter\u00fd by prorazil srdce Alp a umo\u017enil vlak\u016fm projet pod horami. V roce 1947 na\u010drtl urbanista Carl Eduard Gruner prvn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny toho, co se m\u011blo st\u00e1t Gotthardsk\u00fdm \u00fapatn\u00edm tunelem.<\/p>\n\n

Stavba: Kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed podnik<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdstavba Gotthardsk\u00e9ho \u00fapatn\u00edho tunelu za\u010dala naplno v roce 1999. Obrovsk\u00e9 razic\u00ed stroje, ka\u017ed\u00fd o d\u00e9lce \u010dty\u0159 fotbalov\u00fdch h\u0159i\u0161\u0165, si razily cestu skrz sk\u00e1lu pod horami. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu 17 let bylo vyt\u011b\u017eeno dostatek horniny na to, aby se p\u011btkr\u00e1t p\u0159estav\u011bla Velk\u00e1 pyramida v G\u00edze.<\/p>\n\n

Nejdel\u0161\u00ed a nejhlub\u0161\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tunel na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Kdy\u017e byl Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel otev\u0159en v roce 2016, p\u0159ekonal rekordy jako nejdel\u0161\u00ed a nejhlub\u0161\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tunel na sv\u011bt\u011b. S d\u00e9lkou 35,5 mil a hloubkou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jeden a p\u016fl m\u00edle pod zem\u00ed p\u0159ekonal tunel p\u0159edchoz\u00ed rekordmany, japonsk\u00fd tunel Seikan a tunel pod Laman\u0161sk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem, kter\u00fd spojuje Velkou Brit\u00e1nii a Francii.<\/p>\n\n

In\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 triumfy a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdstavba tak hlubok\u00e9ho a dlouh\u00e9ho tunelu p\u0159edstavovala \u010detn\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Sk\u00e1la, kterou byl tunel ra\u017een, byla extr\u00e9mn\u011b tvrd\u00e1 a vysok\u00fd tlak a teploty hluboko pod zem\u00ed p\u0159edstavovaly zna\u010dn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika.<\/p>\n\n

B\u011bhem v\u00fdstavby tragicky zahynulo osm pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Aby se sn\u00ed\u017eila budouc\u00ed rizika, navrhli in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i inovativn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed mechanismy, v\u010detn\u011b protipo\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edch dve\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt d\u00edt\u011b a kter\u00e9 odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9mu tlaku proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch vlak\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00ednosy pro dopravu a udr\u017eitelnost<\/h2>\n\n

Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel zp\u016fsobil revoluci v doprav\u011b p\u0159es Alpy. Vlaky nyn\u00ed mohou proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt horami rychlost\u00ed a\u017e 150 mil za hodinu, co\u017e zkr\u00e1tilo dobu cesty ze Curychu do Mil\u00e1na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o polovinu.<\/p>\n\n

Tunel tak\u00e9 podpo\u0159il \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je konkurenceschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di n\u00e1kladn\u00ed doprav\u011b na evropsk\u00fdch d\u00e1lnic\u00edch. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm z\u00e1vislosti na n\u00e1kladn\u00edch automobilech p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 tunel k ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm emis\u00edm uhl\u00edku a lep\u0161\u00ed kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Za hranicemi tunelu: Ekonomick\u00e9 a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady<\/h2>\n\n

Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel nen\u00ed jen in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fdm z\u00e1zrakem; m\u011bl tak\u00e9 hlubok\u00fd dopad na ekonomiku a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed regionu.<\/p>\n\n

Tunel usnadnil zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed obchodu a cestovn\u00edho ruchu, co\u017e p\u0159ineslo ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody komunit\u00e1m na obou stran\u00e1ch Alp. Tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eil dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159il \u010dist\u0161\u00ed a zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Odkaz inovac\u00ed a d\u016fvtipu<\/h2>\n\n

Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel je d\u016fkazem lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fmyslnosti a s\u00edly in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Je to trval\u00fd odkaz, kter\u00fd bude i nad\u00e1le prosp\u00edvat budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm, proto\u017ee cestov\u00e1n\u00ed po Evrop\u011b bude rychlej\u0161\u00ed, efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel: In\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd z\u00e1zrak V\u00fdzva v podob\u011b p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch Alp \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 Alpy se sv\u00fdmi ty\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi se vrcholy a \u010dlenit\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem p\u0159edstavovaly po dlouhou dobu nep\u0159ekonatelnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku pro dopravu. Po…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8738],"tags":[18854,2771,5819,37,82,2123],"class_list":["post-14006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-engineering-and-technology","tag-alps","tag-transportation","tag-infrastructure","tag-innovation","tag-engineering","tag-switzerland"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14006"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14007,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14006\/revisions\/14007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}