{"id":1403,"date":"2023-05-20T14:31:28","date_gmt":"2023-05-20T14:31:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1403"},"modified":"2023-05-20T14:31:28","modified_gmt":"2023-05-20T14:31:28","slug":"gravitational-waves-nobel-discovery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/physics\/gravitational-waves-nobel-discovery\/","title":{"rendered":"Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny: objev ocen\u011bn\u00fd Nobelovou cenou"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny: objev ocen\u011bn\u00fd Nobelovou cenou<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln<\/h2>\n\n<p>Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny jsou vln\u011bn\u00ed v prostoru-\u010dasu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl Albert Einstein p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00edm. Jsou zp\u016fsobeny pohybem hmotn\u00fdch objekt\u016f, jako jsou \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry a neutronov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy.<\/p>\n\n<p>V roce 2015 provedla observato\u0159 LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory), obrovsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj ur\u010den\u00fd k detekci gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln, prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou detekci t\u011bchto neuchopiteln\u00fdch vln. Tento objev byl v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm pr\u016flomem, kter\u00fd potvrdil jeden z hlavn\u00edch princip\u016f Einsteinovy obecn\u00e9 teorie relativity.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nobelova cena za fyziku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Za svou pr\u016fkopnickou pr\u00e1ci v oblasti detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln z\u00edskali v roce 2017 Nobelovu cenu za fyziku t\u0159i fyzikov\u00e9 ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rainer Weiss z Massachusettsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho institutu<\/li>\n<li>Kip S. Thorne z Kalifornsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho institutu<\/li>\n<li>Barry C. Barish z Kalifornsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho institutu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Observato\u0159 LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory)<\/h2>\n\n<p>LIGO je komplexn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou L-tvarovan\u00fdch detektor\u016f, jednoho v Louisian\u011b a druh\u00e9ho ve st\u00e1t\u011b Washington. Ka\u017ed\u00fd detektor m\u00e1 dv\u011b ramena dlouh\u00e1 2,5 m\u00edle s vysoce reflexn\u00edmi zrcadly na ka\u017ed\u00e9m konci.<\/p>\n\n<p>LIGO funguje tak, \u017ee m\u011b\u0159\u00ed dobu, kterou trv\u00e1 laserov\u00e9mu paprsku, aby se odrazil mezi zrcadly. Jak\u00e9koli drobn\u00e9 zm\u011bny v dob\u011b pr\u016fchodu laseru mohou nazna\u010dovat pr\u016fchod gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln<\/h2>\n\n<p>Detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln m\u011bla hlubok\u00fd dopad na fyziku a astronomii. Umo\u017enila:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Potvrdit jednu z hlavn\u00edch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed Einsteinovy obecn\u00e9 teorie relativity<\/li>\n<li>Poskytnout nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro studium vesm\u00edru, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br a neutronov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd<\/li>\n<li>Otev\u0159\u00edt mo\u017enost studia gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln z ran\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru, v\u010detn\u011b Velk\u00e9ho t\u0159esku<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost gravita\u010dn\u011b-vlnov\u00e9 astronomie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln je teprve za\u010d\u00e1tek. LIGO a dal\u0161\u00ed observato\u0159e gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uj\u00ed svou citlivost, co\u017e jim umo\u017en\u00ed detekovat je\u0161t\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny.<\/p>\n\n<p>O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee v budoucnu zp\u016fsob\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u011b-vlnov\u00e1 astronomie revoluci v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru a poskytne poznatky o t\u011bch nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jevech, jako jsou f\u00faze \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br a Velk\u00fd t\u0159esk.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 osobnosti objevu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kip Thorne<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kip Thorne je teoretick\u00fd fyzik, kter\u00fd hr\u00e1l vedouc\u00ed \u00falohu ve v\u00fdvoji LIGO. Byl jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny lze detekovat, a pomohl navrhnout a postavit detektory LIGO.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rainer Weiss<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rainer Weiss je experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed fyzik, kter\u00e9mu se p\u0159ipisuje v\u00fdvoj p\u016fvodn\u00ed koncepce LIGO. V 70. letech vedl t\u00fdm, kter\u00fd postavil prvn\u00ed detektor LIGO.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Barry Barish<\/h2>\n\n<p>Barry Barish je experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed fyzik, kter\u00fd se v roce 1994 stal \u0159editelem LIGO. Je mu p\u0159ipisov\u00e1na z\u00e1sluha za reorganizaci a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu, kter\u00fd v t\u00e9 dob\u011b z\u00e1pasil s probl\u00e9my. Pod jeho veden\u00edm bylo LIGO dokon\u010deno a v roce 2015 provedlo svou prvn\u00ed detekci gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzvy a omezen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol. Vlny jsou extr\u00e9mn\u011b slab\u00e9 a snadno je mohou p\u0159ekr\u00fdt jin\u00e9 \u0161umy. LIGO a dal\u0161\u00ed observato\u0159e gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln mus\u00ed b\u00fdt mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b citliv\u00e9, aby tyto vlny detekovaly.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm omezen\u00edm gravita\u010dn\u011b-vlnov\u00e9 astronomie je, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee detekovat gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny pouze z ur\u010dit\u00fdch typ\u016f zdroj\u016f, jako jsou f\u00faze \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br a kolize neutronov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee gravita\u010dn\u011b-vlnov\u00e1 astronomie zat\u00edm nen\u00ed schopna poskytnout \u00fapln\u00fd obraz vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd pr\u016flom, kter\u00fd otev\u0159el nov\u00e9 okno do vesm\u00edru. LIGO a dal\u0161\u00ed observato\u0159e gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uj\u00ed svou citlivost, co\u017e jim umo\u017en\u00ed detekovat je\u0161t\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny a studovat \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lu kosmick\u00fdch jev\u016f. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee v budoucnu zp\u016fsob\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u011b-vlnov\u00e1 astronomie revoluci v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru a poskytne poznatky o t\u011bch nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jevech, jako jsou f\u00faze \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br a Velk\u00fd t\u0159esk.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny: objev ocen\u011bn\u00fd Nobelovou cenou Detekce gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny jsou vln\u011bn\u00ed v prostoru-\u010dasu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl Albert Einstein p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00edm. Jsou zp\u016fsobeny pohybem hmotn\u00fdch objekt\u016f, jako jsou&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[965],"tags":[435,1441,3133,217,3132,3134,535,1532,97],"class_list":["post-1403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics","tag-astronomy","tag-black-holes","tag-einsteins-general-theory-of-relativity","tag-physics","tag-gravitational-waves","tag-ligo","tag-nobel-prize","tag-discovery","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1403"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1403\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1404,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1403\/revisions\/1404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1403"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}