{"id":14130,"date":"2020-04-04T23:46:55","date_gmt":"2020-04-04T23:46:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14130"},"modified":"2020-04-04T23:46:55","modified_gmt":"2020-04-04T23:46:55","slug":"birds-that-sing-with-their-feathers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/birds-that-sing-with-their-feathers\/","title":{"rendered":"Pt\u00e1ci zp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pery: Nap\u00ednav\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed zvuk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrody"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed zp\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi pery<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pt\u00e1ci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi kr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi p\u00edsn\u011bmi, ale v\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1ci mohou zp\u00edvat pouze pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch per? Ano, spr\u00e1vn\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy pt\u00e1k\u016f vyvinuly schopnost vytv\u00e1\u0159et charakteristick\u00e9 zvuky vibrov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch per spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fyzika zvuku pe\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esn\u00e1 fyzika toho, jak funguje zvuk pe\u0159\u00ed, je st\u00e1le trochu z\u00e1hadou, ale v\u011bdci v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e vzduch naraz\u00ed na ur\u010dit\u00e1 pera spr\u00e1vnou rychlost\u00ed a \u00fahlem, zp\u016fsob\u00ed to jejich rychl\u00e9 vibrace. Tyto rychl\u00e9 kmity vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed zvuk.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pt\u00e1ci zp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddly<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jedna skupina pt\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zp\u00edvat sv\u00fdmi pery, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 pt\u00e1ci zp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddly. Tito pt\u00e1ci, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161irokozob\u00ed a sluky, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed zvuk m\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddly ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Pe\u0159\u00ed na jejich k\u0159\u00eddlech vibruje a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed charakteristick\u00fd zvuk \u201ebrreeet\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pt\u00e1ci t\u0159esouc\u00ed ocasn\u00edmi pery<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed skupina pt\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zp\u00edvat sv\u00fdmi pery, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 pt\u00e1ci t\u0159esouc\u00ed ocasn\u00edmi pery. Tito pt\u00e1ci, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad kolib\u0159\u00edci a lejsci, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed zvuk t\u0159esen\u00edm ocasn\u00edch per. Pe\u0159\u00ed na jejich ocasech vibruje a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zvuky, od jednotliv\u00fdch cvrlik\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po t\u0159epot\u00e1v\u00e9 t\u00f3ny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">n\u00e1mluvy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zvuky pe\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pt\u00e1ci p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k n\u00e1mluv\u00e1m. Samci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto zvuky k p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed samic a k obran\u011b sv\u00e9ho teritoria. Zvuky mohou b\u00fdt hlasit\u00e9 a propracovan\u00e9 a \u010dasto hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v procesu p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby pou\u017eit\u00ed zvuk\u016f pe\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b n\u00e1mluv n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1ci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zvuky pe\u0159\u00ed i k jin\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad australsk\u00fd holub chocholat\u00fd m\u00e1 upraven\u00e1 pera, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i vyru\u0161en\u00ed vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed charakteristick\u00fd zvuk p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alku. Tento zvuk slou\u017e\u00ed jako varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro ostatn\u00ed holuby a signalizuje jim, aby z oblasti uprchli.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016fznorodost zvuk\u016f pe\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pt\u00e1ci vyvinuli \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu zvuk\u016f pe\u0159\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Tyto zvuky se mohou li\u0161it v\u00fd\u0161kou, hlasitost\u00ed a d\u00e9lkou trv\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zvuky jsou jednoduch\u00e9 cvrlik\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 jsou slo\u017eit\u00e9 melodie. R\u016fznorodost zvuk\u016f pe\u0159\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou rozmanitost druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f a jejich jedine\u010dn\u00e9 adaptace.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak poslouchat zvuky pe\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pokud chcete sly\u0161et zvuky pe\u0159\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed u\u0161i, nejlep\u0161\u00ed je str\u00e1vit \u010das v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, zejm\u00e9na v obdob\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Poslouchejte neobvykl\u00e9 zvuky vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z pt\u00e1k\u016f a v\u011bnujte pozornost zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm pohybuj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi pery. S trochou trp\u011blivosti ur\u010dit\u011b usly\u0161\u00edte \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 zvuky, kter\u00e9 pt\u00e1ci dok\u00e1\u017eou vyd\u00e1vat sv\u00fdmi pery.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edklady pt\u00e1k\u016f zp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch pery<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0160irokozob\u00ed:<\/strong> Tito mal\u00ed, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed hlasit\u00fd zvuk \u201ebrreeet\u201c m\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddly ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sluky:<\/strong> Samci sluk p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u00e1mluv \u201enebesk\u00fd tanec\u201c, kter\u00fd zahrnuje kombinaci hlasov\u00fdch projev\u016f a hv\u00edzdav\u00fdch zvuk\u016f vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch jejich k\u0159\u00eddly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kolib\u0159\u00edci:<\/strong> Kolib\u0159\u00edci vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b hlasit\u00e9 cvrlik\u00e1n\u00ed a trilky t\u0159esen\u00edm ocasn\u00edmi pery.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lejsci:<\/strong> Tito pt\u00e1ci vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed hlasit\u00e9 \u201ebum!\u201c vibrov\u00e1n\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddeln\u00edch per b\u011bhem n\u00e1mluvn\u00edch p\u0159elet\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tet\u0159\u00edvci:<\/strong> Samci tet\u0159\u00edvk\u016f vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed rytmick\u00fd \u201edusav\u00fd\u201c zvuk bouch\u00e1n\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddly o kmen stromu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Holubi chocholat\u00ed:<\/strong> Tito pt\u00e1ci maj\u00ed upraven\u00e1 pera, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i vyru\u0161en\u00ed vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed charakteristick\u00fd zvuk p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed zp\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi pery Pt\u00e1ci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi kr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi p\u00edsn\u011bmi, ale v\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1ci mohou zp\u00edvat pouze pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch per? Ano, spr\u00e1vn\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy pt\u00e1k\u016f vyvinuly schopnost&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[1647,136,19006,1064,252,930,19005],"class_list":["post-14130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-adaptation","tag-evolution","tag-courtship","tag-feathers","tag-nature","tag-birds","tag-sound"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14130"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14131,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14130\/revisions\/14131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}