{"id":142,"date":"2024-05-17T00:07:16","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T00:07:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=142"},"modified":"2024-05-17T00:07:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T00:07:16","slug":"northern-white-rhinoceros-on-the-brink-of-extinction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/wildlife-conservation\/northern-white-rhinoceros-on-the-brink-of-extinction\/","title":{"rendered":"Severn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fd nosoro\u017eec: Na pokraji vyhynut\u00ed, ale nad\u011bje \u017eije"},"content":{"rendered":"

Severn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fd nosoro\u017eec: Na pokraji vyhynut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Pokles populace a vyhynut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Severn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fd nosoro\u017eec (SBN) je kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fd poddruh, kter\u00fd \u010del\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u00edmu vyhynut\u00ed. Kdysi hojn\u00fd ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Africe, pytl\u00e1ctv\u00ed zdecimovalo jeho populaci a sn\u00ed\u017eilo jeho po\u010det z 2 000 jedinc\u016f v roce 1960 na pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed dnes. Tito t\u0159i sta\u0159\u00ed nosoro\u017eci s\u00eddl\u00ed v ke\u0148sk\u00e9 rezervaci Ol Pejeta pod neust\u00e1lou ozbrojenou ochranou.<\/p>\n\n

Faktory p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed k vyhynut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Hlavn\u00edm faktorem vedouc\u00edm k rychl\u00e9mu \u00fabytku SBN je pytl\u00e1ctv\u00ed kv\u016fli jejich cenn\u00fdm roh\u016fm. Nosoro\u017e\u010d\u00ed rohy jsou vysoce cen\u011bny v tradi\u010dn\u00ed medic\u00edn\u011b a jako symbol postaven\u00ed, co\u017e vede k neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmu lovu a vyhuben\u00ed populac\u00ed SBN. V roce 2011 byl poddruh kv\u016fli z\u00e1va\u017enosti pytl\u00e1ctv\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en za vyhynul\u00e9ho ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory ponur\u00fdm vyhl\u00eddk\u00e1m aktivn\u011b usiluj\u00ed ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody o r\u016fzn\u00e9 strategie, jak zachr\u00e1nit SBN. Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed a mimot\u011bln\u00ed oplodn\u011bn\u00ed (IVF) jsou zkoum\u00e1ny jako mo\u017en\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak o\u017eivit ub\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed populaci. V\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm nosoro\u017ec\u016f v zajet\u00ed a ne\u00fa\u010dinnost sou\u010dasn\u00fdch technik klonov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky.<\/p>\n\n

Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed a IVF<\/h2>\n\n

Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed geneticky identick\u00e9 kopie existuj\u00edc\u00edho zv\u00ed\u0159ete. V\u011bdc\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo naklonovat jin\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00e9 druhy, ale klonov\u00e1n\u00ed nosoro\u017ec\u016f se uk\u00e1zalo b\u00fdt n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed SBN jsou sta\u0159\u00ed a maj\u00ed reproduk\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotaschopn\u00fdch vaj\u00ed\u010dek a spermi\u00ed pro \u00fa\u010dely klonov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

IVF zahrnuje oplodn\u011bn\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka v laboratorn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a implantaci v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho embrya n\u00e1hradn\u00ed matce. Tato technika byla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pou\u017eita u jin\u00fdch druh\u016f, ale op\u011bt probl\u00e9my s rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm nosoro\u017ec\u016f v zajet\u00ed \u010din\u00ed jej\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed u SBN nejist\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n

Nad\u011bje uprost\u0159ed v\u00fdzev<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory v\u00fdzv\u00e1m z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody optimisti\u010dt\u00ed, \u017ee SBN lze zachr\u00e1nit. V roce 2021 uhynul posledn\u00ed zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed samec SBN a zbyly pouze dv\u011b star\u00e9 samice. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak byli schopni odebrat zdrav\u00fd vaje\u010dn\u00edk od uhynul\u00e9 samice SBN a uchovat jej\u00ed genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 budouc\u00ed pokusy o klonov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo IVF.<\/p>\n\n

O\u017eiven\u00ed populace<\/h2>\n\n

Pokud se poda\u0159\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vyvinout techniky klonov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo IVF pro SBN, existuje mo\u017enost k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s ji\u017en\u00edmi b\u00edl\u00fdmi nosoro\u017eci, \u00fazce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm poddruhem. To by mohlo potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it genetickou rozmanitost a pos\u00edlit populaci SBN. \u00da\u010dinnost a dlouhodob\u00e1 udr\u017eitelnost takov\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nezn\u00e1m\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Ochrana zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch nosoro\u017ec\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Mezit\u00edm je ochrana zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed SBN nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritou. Jsou pe\u010dliv\u011b st\u0159e\u017eeni v rezervaci Ol Pejeta a jsou zavedena opat\u0159en\u00ed proti pytl\u00e1ctv\u00ed, aby se odradil neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed lov. Ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee zachov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto posledn\u00edch jedinc\u016f z\u00edskaj\u00ed \u010das na v\u011bdeck\u00fd pokrok, kter\u00fd by nakonec mohl zachr\u00e1nit poddruh p\u0159ed vyhynut\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam ochrany nosoro\u017ec\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Severn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00ed nosoro\u017eci jsou ikonick\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli ve sv\u00e9m ekosyst\u00e9mu. Jejich ztr\u00e1ta by nebyla jen trag\u00e9di\u00ed pro biologickou rozmanitost, ale tak\u00e9 tvrdou p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou ni\u010div\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f lidsk\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed na divokou zv\u011b\u0159. Ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na z\u00e1chranu SBN nen\u00ed jen o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed druhu, ale tak\u00e9 o ochran\u011b k\u0159ehk\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy p\u0159\u00edrody a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed bohat\u00e9 a rozmanit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody na\u0161\u00ed planety.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Severn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fd nosoro\u017eec: Na pokraji vyhynut\u00ed Pokles populace a vyhynut\u00ed Severn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fd nosoro\u017eec (SBN) je kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fd poddruh, kter\u00fd \u010del\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u00edmu vyhynut\u00ed. Kdysi hojn\u00fd ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Africe, pytl\u00e1ctv\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23392,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[254,402,403,399,401,404,400],"class_list":["post-142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wildlife-conservation","tag-wildlife","tag-cloning","tag-ivf","tag-northern-white-rhinoceros","tag-conservation","tag-endangered-species","tag-extinction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":143,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142\/revisions\/143"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}