{"id":14201,"date":"2020-07-11T01:38:13","date_gmt":"2020-07-11T01:38:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14201"},"modified":"2020-07-11T01:38:13","modified_gmt":"2020-07-11T01:38:13","slug":"ocean-fertilization-potential-solution-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/climate-science\/ocean-fertilization-potential-solution-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f: Mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f: Mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu<\/h2>\n\n

Co je hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f?<\/h2>\n\n

Hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se do oce\u00e1nu p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eelezo za \u00fa\u010delem stimulace r\u016fstu fytoplanktonu. Fytoplankton jsou mikroskopick\u00e9 rostliny, kter\u00e9 stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny rostliny absorbuj\u00ed z okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed ho na molekuly, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n\n

\u017delezn\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za<\/h2>\n\n

\u017delezn\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za, kterou poprv\u00e9 navrhl oce\u00e1nograf John Martin v roce 1987, nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nedostatek \u017eeleza v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech oce\u00e1nu omezuje r\u016fst fytoplanktonu. Tyto oblasti maj\u00ed p\u0159esto dostatek \u017eivin, jako jsou slou\u010deniny dus\u00edku, ale velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentrace \u017eeleza. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eeleza do t\u011bchto oblast\u00ed se v\u011bdci domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee mohou stimulovat r\u016fst fytoplanktonu a zv\u00fd\u0161it mno\u017estv\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho odstra\u0148ovan\u00e9ho z atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n

Role fytoplanktonu v ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku<\/h2>\n\n

Fytoplankton hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm uhl\u00edkov\u00e9m cyklu. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm fotosynt\u00e9zy absorbuj\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd z atmosf\u00e9ry a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed ho na organickou hmotu. Kdy\u017e fytoplankton zem\u0159e, jeho zbytky klesaj\u00ed na dno oce\u00e1nu a odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed s sebou absorbovan\u00fd uhl\u00edk. Tento proces, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sni\u017eovat mno\u017estv\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a zm\u00edr\u0148ovat zm\u011bnu klimatu.<\/p>\n\n

Studie proveditelnosti<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1993 byl proveden prvn\u00ed poln\u00ed pokus s hnojen\u00edm oce\u00e1n\u016f. P\u0159esto\u017ee byl experiment \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed oblasti bohat\u00e9 na \u017eelezo, koncentrace fytoplanktonu se pouze zdvojn\u00e1sobila, co\u017e bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za neuspokojiv\u00fd v\u00fdsledek. Druh\u00fd experiment v roce 1995 v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zal slibn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky. Injektov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eeleza do oce\u00e1nu ve t\u0159ech samostatn\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch dok\u00e1zali v\u011bdci vytvo\u0159it rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd rozkv\u011bt fytoplanktonu, kter\u00fd zv\u011bt\u0161il hmotnost fytoplanktonu t\u0159icetin\u00e1sobn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody<\/h2>\n\n

Hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l b\u00fdt n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed metodou odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z atmosf\u00e9ry. V\u011bdci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee hnojen\u00ed \u017eelezem by mohlo odstranit a\u017e 20 % oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, kter\u00fd produkuj\u00ed lid\u00e9. To by mohlo pomoci zpomalit tempo glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a zm\u00edrnit jeho dopady.<\/p>\n\n

Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l b\u00fdt cenn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v boji proti zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e1 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit. Jak mrtv\u00fd fytoplankton kles\u00e1, rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v horn\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nu. Tento rozkladn\u00fd proces m\u016f\u017ee vy\u010derpat hladinu kysl\u00edku ve vod\u011b, co\u017e by mohlo po\u0161kodit mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot. Krom\u011b toho by rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 implementace hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f mohla m\u00edt nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my a ryb\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n

Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, abychom pln\u011b porozum\u011bli potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m a rizik\u016fm hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f. V\u011bdci mus\u00ed zkoumat dlouhodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky hnojen\u00ed \u017eelezem na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my a tak\u00e9 potenci\u00e1l nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f. Krom\u011b toho mus\u00ed vyvinout \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody implementace hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f je slibn\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu, ale je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, abychom pln\u011b porozum\u011bli jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m a rizik\u016fm. Pe\u010dliv\u00fdm zv\u00e1\u017een\u00edm potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopad\u016f a zodpov\u011bdnou implementac\u00ed hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme vyu\u017e\u00edt s\u00edlu fytoplanktonu ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f: Mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu Co je hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f? Hnojen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se do oce\u00e1nu p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eelezo za \u00fa\u010delem stimulace r\u016fstu fytoplanktonu. Fytoplankton jsou mikroskopick\u00e9 rostliny,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[4159,7370,120,925,34],"class_list":["post-14201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-science","tag-phytoplankton","tag-ocean-fertilization","tag-sustainability","tag-carbon-sequestration","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14201"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14202,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14201\/revisions\/14202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}