{"id":14389,"date":"2021-11-17T07:51:17","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T07:51:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14389"},"modified":"2021-11-17T07:51:17","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T07:51:17","slug":"hydra-regenerates-lost-heads-genetic-basis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/biology\/hydra-regenerates-lost-heads-genetic-basis\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydra: Nesmrteln\u00fd \u017eivo\u010dich, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee regenerovat sv\u00e9 ztracen\u00e9 hlavy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hydra: Nesmrteln\u00fd \u017eivo\u010dich, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee regenerovat sv\u00e9 ztracen\u00e9 hlavy<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pochopen\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti Hydry<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hydry jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sladkovodn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed disponuj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost\u00ed: dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed regenerovat ztracen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla, v\u010detn\u011b sv\u00fdch hlav. Tato pozoruhodn\u00e1 vlastnost je \u010din\u00ed biologicky nesmrteln\u00fdmi, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mohou \u017e\u00edt v\u011b\u010dn\u011b, pokud nejsou usmrceny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi faktory.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci byli regenera\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi Hydry dlouho fascinov\u00e1ni a ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy vrhly sv\u011btlo na genetick\u00fd z\u00e1klad t\u00e9to schopnosti. Studie identifikovaly v\u00edce ne\u017e 27 000 genetick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed roli v regeneraci hlavy Hydry.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016fzn\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 instrukce pro regeneraci a pu\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee genetick\u00e9 instrukce pro regeneraci hlavy se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na procesu, kter\u00fd je zapojen. Hydra m\u016f\u017ee regenerovat hlavy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch mechanism\u016f:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Regenerace hlavy po poran\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong> Kdy\u017e Hydra ztrat\u00ed hlavu v d\u016fsledku poran\u011bn\u00ed, spust\u00ed se specifick\u00fd genetick\u00fd program, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edd\u00ed bu\u0148ky k r\u016fstu a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 hlavy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pu\u010den\u00ed:<\/strong> Hydra se m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 rozmno\u017eovat nepohlavn\u011b pu\u010den\u00edm, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m z t\u011bla vyroste nov\u00fd polyp (v podstat\u011b kopie rodi\u010de). Pu\u010den\u00ed vy\u017eaduje r\u016fst druh\u00e9 hlavy, ale zapojen\u00fd genetick\u00fd program se li\u0161\u00ed od programu pro regeneraci hlavy po poran\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u016fb\u011bh exprese gen\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pr\u016fb\u011bh exprese gen\u016f neboli vzor, jak se geny zap\u00ednaj\u00ed a vyp\u00ednaj\u00ed, je odli\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159i regeneraci hlavy a pu\u010den\u00ed. P\u0159i pu\u010den\u00ed se exprese gen\u016f zvy\u0161uje pomalu a neust\u00e1le v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu. P\u0159i regeneraci hlavy po poran\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak doch\u00e1z\u00ed k prudk\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v expresi gen\u016f. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee a\u010dkoli je kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek (nov\u00e1 hlava) stejn\u00fd, genetick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e9 jsou zapojeny, jsou zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implikace pro lidsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00ed genetick\u00fdch mechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za regenera\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi Hydry, by mohlo m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro lidsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. Studiem toho, jak Hydra regeneruje ztracen\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, doufaj\u00ed v\u011bdci, \u017ee z\u00edskaj\u00ed poznatky o tom, jak lze lidsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky nasm\u011brovat k oprav\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dokonce k regeneraci ztracen\u00fdch kon\u010detin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00edce pl\u00e1n\u016f pro r\u016fst hlavy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev, \u017ee genetick\u00e9 instrukce Hydry pro regeneraci hlavy se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na procesu, vedl v\u011bdce k podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee tito \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt pro ka\u017ed\u00fd proces zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 sady pl\u00e1n\u016f pro r\u016fst hlavy. Jedn\u00e1 se o vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed oblast v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00e1 by mohla potenci\u00e1ln\u011b odhalit nov\u00e9 strategie pro regeneraci tk\u00e1n\u00ed u lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pozoruhodn\u00e1 schopnost Hydry regenerovat ztracen\u00e9 hlavy je d\u016fkazem neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 komplexnosti a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f. Studiem genetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu t\u00e9to schopnosti z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bdci cenn\u00e9 poznatky o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch procesech regenerace tk\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdvoje s potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi d\u016fsledky pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a medic\u00ednu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydra: Nesmrteln\u00fd \u017eivo\u010dich, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee regenerovat sv\u00e9 ztracen\u00e9 hlavy Pochopen\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti Hydry Hydry jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sladkovodn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed disponuj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost\u00ed: dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed regenerovat ztracen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla, v\u010detn\u011b sv\u00fdch hlav.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[188,19333,19335,19334,356,666,5100],"class_list":["post-14389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-genetics","tag-hydra","tag-immortal-animals","tag-regeneration","tag-tissue-engineering","tag-life-science-art","tag-developmental-biology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14389"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14390,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14389\/revisions\/14390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}