{"id":14421,"date":"2023-12-20T12:57:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T12:57:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14421"},"modified":"2023-12-20T12:57:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T12:57:48","slug":"ohio-black-activism-pre-civil-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/ohio-black-activism-pre-civil-war\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cerno\u0161sk\u00fd aktivismus v Ohiu: Boj za rasovou rovnost p\u0159ed ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lkou"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cerno\u0161sk\u00fd aktivismus v Ohiu: Boj za rasovou rovnost p\u0159ed ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lkou<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ran\u00e9 hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va<\/h2>\n\n<p>V desetilet\u00edch p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce vzniklo ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. \u010cerno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed aktivist\u00e9, jak svobodn\u00ed, tak i zotro\u010den\u00ed, bojovali za rasovou rovnost a zru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed. Ohio bylo jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch boji\u0161\u0165 v tomto z\u00e1pase.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cern\u00e9 z\u00e1kony a diskriminace<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee bylo Ohio svobodn\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, m\u011blo z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 diskriminovaly Afroameri\u010dany. Tyto \u201e\u010dern\u00e9 z\u00e1kony\u201c vy\u017eadovaly, aby se \u010dern\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 registrovali u \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f okresu, zakazovaly jim sv\u011bd\u010dit v soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kter\u00fdch se \u00fa\u010dastnili b\u011blo\u0161i, a odep\u0159ely jim p\u0159\u00edstup k ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00dastava Ohia tak\u00e9 stanovila, \u017ee pouze b\u00edl\u00ed mu\u017ei mohou volit.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aktivismus a petice<\/h2>\n\n<p>Navzdory t\u011bmto \u00fatla\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1kon\u016fm odm\u00edtli b\u00fdt \u010derno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Ohia uml\u010deni. Organizovali protesty, zakl\u00e1dali abolicionistick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a zas\u00edlali petice z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9mu sboru st\u00e1tu s po\u017eadavkem zru\u0161it \u010dern\u00e9 z\u00e1kony.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch c\u00edrkv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u010cerno\u0161sk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve hr\u00e1ly v ran\u00e9m hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli. Poskytovaly bezpe\u010dn\u00fd prostor pro aktivismus, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a organizaci komunity. Prvn\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fd \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fd kostel v Ohiu byl zalo\u017een v Cincinnati v roce 1815 a do roku 1833 jich bylo ve st\u00e1t\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 20.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">John Malvin: P\u0159edn\u00ed aktivista<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch aktivist\u016f v Ohiu byl John Malvin. Malvin, rod\u00e1k z Virginie, kter\u00fd emigroval do Ohia v roce 1827, zalo\u017eil v Clevelandu soukrom\u00e9 \u0161koly pro \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 d\u011bti a bojoval za rasov\u011b rovnocenn\u00e9 sezen\u00ed v b\u00edl\u00fdch kostel\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sjezd v Ohiu v roce 1837<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1837 uspo\u0159\u00e1dali \u010derno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Ohia sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u00ed sjezd v Columbusu. Vytvo\u0159ili \u201efond \u0161kol\u201c, kter\u00fd m\u011bl podporovat vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dernoch\u016f, a rozhodli se pokra\u010dovat v pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed petic za zru\u0161en\u00ed \u010dern\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Leicesterova Kingova zpr\u00e1va<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1838 p\u0159edlo\u017eil st\u00e1tn\u00ed sen\u00e1tor Leicester King pr\u016fkopnickou zpr\u00e1vu, kter\u00e1 odsuzovala \u010dern\u00e9 z\u00e1kony a po\u017eadovala jejich zru\u0161en\u00ed. King tvrdil, \u017ee z\u00e1kony poru\u0161ovaly jak ducha, tak p\u00edsmeno \u00fastavy Ohia, a \u017ee \u010derno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Ohia si zaslou\u017e\u00ed stejn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a v\u00fdsady jako b\u00edl\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Boj za volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee byly \u010dern\u00e9 z\u00e1kony v Ohiu nakonec zru\u0161eny v roce 1849, st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastava st\u00e1le br\u00e1nila \u010dernoch\u016fm ve volb\u00e1ch. Toto zbaven\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v pokra\u010dovalo a\u017e do doby, ne\u017e byl v roce 1870 ratifikov\u00e1n 15. dodatek k \u00fastav\u011b USA.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u011bdictv\u00ed a dopad<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u010cerno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 v Ohiu sehr\u00e1li z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v ran\u00e9m hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Jejich \u00fasil\u00ed vydl\u00e1\u017edilo cestu pro budouc\u00ed pokrok a pomohlo formovat z\u00e1vazek n\u00e1roda k rasov\u00e9 rovnosti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova s dlouh\u00fdm ocasem:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Debata o pr\u00e1vu pod\u00e1vat petice v Kongresu USA a z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00fdch sborech st\u00e1t\u016f<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdznam Leicesterovy Kingovy zpr\u00e1vy o zru\u0161en\u00ed \u010dern\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f v Ohiu<\/li>\n<li>Vliv hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va v Ohiu na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiku v obdob\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a rekonstrukce<\/li>\n<li>D\u011bdictv\u00ed Johna Malvina a jeho boj za rasovou rovnost v Clevelandu<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdzvy a \u00fasp\u011bchy ran\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cerno\u0161sk\u00fd aktivismus v Ohiu: Boj za rasovou rovnost p\u0159ed ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lkou Ran\u00e9 hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va V desetilet\u00edch p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce vzniklo ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1434,39,1879,6803,527],"class_list":["post-14421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-black-history","tag-ohio-history","tag-civil-rights","tag-racial-equality","tag-social-justice"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14421"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14421\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14422,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14421\/revisions\/14422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}