V roce 1978 u\u010dinili v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd objev v Laetoli v Tanzanii: pozoruhodnou stopu 88 stop dlouh\u00fdch, 3,6 milionu let star\u00fdch stop. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee tyto stopy pat\u0159\u00ed dv\u011bma \u010dasn\u00fdm hominidn\u00edm p\u0159edk\u016fm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako Australopithecus afarensis, a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed tak nejstar\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd d\u016fkaz biped\u00e1ln\u00ed lokomoce v na\u0161\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed historii.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy lokality Laetoli odhalily dal\u0161\u00ed soubor biped\u00e1ln\u00edch stop, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 nov\u00e9 poznatky o chov\u00e1n\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktu\u0159e t\u011bchto ran\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Anal\u00fdza nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tyto nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 stopy vytvo\u0159ila skupina skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se ze samce, t\u0159\u00ed samic a d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n\n
Velikost stop nazna\u010duje, \u017ee samec Australopithecus byl v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve zaznamenan\u00ed jedinci tohoto druhu a jeho v\u00fd\u0161ka se odhaduje na p\u011bt stop a p\u011bt palc\u016f. Tento objev zpochyb\u0148uje tradi\u010dn\u00ed pohledy na ran\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury hominid\u016f. V\u011bdci se nyn\u00ed domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee samci mohli m\u00edt v\u00edce samic, podobn\u011b jako je tomu u goril.<\/p>\n\n
Lucy, slavn\u00e1 kostra Australopithecus afarensis objeven\u00e1 v roce 1974, byla p\u0159edm\u011btem neust\u00e1l\u00fdch debat ohledn\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny jej\u00ed smrti. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee jej\u00ed zlomeniny mohly b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeny p\u00e1dem ze stromu, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee mohly vzniknout a\u017e po smrti. Nov\u00e9 studie nav\u00edc uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee Lucy m\u011bla na svou velikost neobvykle siln\u00e1 p\u0159edlokt\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mohla tr\u00e1vit zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu na stromech.<\/p>\n\n
Interpretace stop z Laetoli vyvolala mezi v\u011bdci kontroverze. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry t\u00fdmu ohledn\u011b pohlavn\u00edho dimorfismu a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tv\u016frc\u016f stop nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo. Bez ohledu na tyto debaty p\u0159inesl objev nov\u00fdch stop velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nov\u00fdch informac\u00ed o chov\u00e1n\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dynamice na\u0161ich ran\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Stopy byly objeveny ve t\u0159ech mal\u00fdch v\u00fdkopech a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee budouc\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky v lokalit\u011b Laetoli odhal\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce poz\u016fstatk\u016f t\u011bchto ran\u00fdch hominid\u016f. Tyto budouc\u00ed n\u00e1lezy slibuj\u00ed, \u017ee prolij\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btlo na \u017eivoty a v\u00fdvoj na\u0161ich d\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n
Stopy z Laetoli nejsou jen pozoruhodn\u00fdmi v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi expon\u00e1ty, ale maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 evoluce. Poskytuj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00fd pohled do \u017eivota na\u0161ich ran\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f a nab\u00edzej\u00ed poznatky o jejich pohybu, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktu\u0159e a mo\u017en\u00fdch schopnostech \u0161plhat po stromech. Jak v\u00fdzkum na tomto m\u00edst\u011b pokra\u010duje, m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1me je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce znalost\u00ed o p\u016fvodu na\u0161eho druhu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Fosiln\u00ed stopy poskytuj\u00ed poznatky o na\u0161ich \u010dasn\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch p\u0159edc\u00edch Objev stop ze Laetoli V roce 1978 u\u010dinili v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd objev v Laetoli v Tanzanii: pozoruhodnou stopu 88 stop dlouh\u00fdch, 3,6…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[1908,1906,136,19363,19364,16857,19362],"class_list":["post-14423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-australopithecus-afarensis","tag-bipedalism","tag-evolution","tag-laetoli","tag-early-human-ancestors","tag-social-structure","tag-fossil-footprints"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14423"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14424,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14423\/revisions\/14424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}