{"id":14434,"date":"2020-06-05T15:29:36","date_gmt":"2020-06-05T15:29:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14434"},"modified":"2020-06-05T15:29:36","modified_gmt":"2020-06-05T15:29:36","slug":"spiritualism-origins-and-impact","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/spirituality\/spiritualism-origins-and-impact\/","title":{"rendered":"Spiritualismus: Hnut\u00ed zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 v nadp\u0159irozenu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spiritualismus: Hnut\u00ed zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 v nadp\u0159irozenu<\/h2>\n\n

Sestry Foxovy a zrod modern\u00edho spiritualismu<\/h2>\n\n

V poklidn\u00e9m m\u011bste\u010dku Hydesville ve st\u00e1t\u011b New York tvrdily sestry Foxovy, Margaretta a Kate, v roce 1848, \u017ee komunikovaly s duchy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tajemn\u00fdch rapotac\u00edch zvuk\u016f. Jejich mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh za\u017eehl hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo upoutat miliony lid\u00ed: spiritualismus.<\/p>\n\n

Mesmerismus, Swedenborg a ko\u0159eny spiritualismu<\/h2>\n\n

Spiritualismus \u010derpal inspiraci z r\u016fzn\u00fdch ideologi\u00ed. Franz Anton Mesmer, l\u00e9\u010ditel z 18. stolet\u00ed, v\u011b\u0159il v \u201emagnetickou tekutinu\u201c, kter\u00e1 mohla zp\u016fsobovat nemoci a b\u00fdt ovl\u00e1d\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hypn\u00f3zy. Emanuel Swedenborg, \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fd mystik, popsal \u0159\u00ed\u0161i posmrtn\u00e9ho \u017eivota, kde duchov\u00e9 komunikovali s \u017eiv\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n

Andrew Jackson Davis a bo\u017esk\u00e1 zjeven\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Andrew Jackson Davis, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako \u201eJan K\u0159titel modern\u00edho spiritualismu\u201c, v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vy z ducha Swedenborga. Davisova kniha \u201eThe Principles of Nature\u201c p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bla vzestup spiritualismu a povzbuzovala ke komunikaci se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Turn\u00e9 sester Foxov\u00fdch a vzestup spiritualismu<\/h2>\n\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 demonstrace mediality sester Foxov\u00fdch upoutaly pozornost New Yorku a okol\u00ed. V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 osobnosti, v\u010detn\u011b Horace Greeleyho a Williama Cullena Bryanta, se \u00fa\u010dastnily jejich seanc\u00ed a staly se sv\u011bdky rapotac\u00edch zvuk\u016f, duchovn\u00edch sd\u011blen\u00ed a dokonce i pln\u011b rozvinut\u00fdch zjeven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Zlat\u00fd v\u011bk spiritualismu<\/h2>\n\n

B\u011bhem americk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky spiritualismus vzkv\u00e9tal, proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 hledali \u00fat\u011bchu ve v\u00ed\u0159e, \u017ee jejich zesnul\u00ed milovan\u00ed mohou st\u00e1le komunikovat. Hnut\u00ed dos\u00e1hlo sv\u00e9ho vrcholu v 80. letech 19. stolet\u00ed, s odhadem osmi milion\u016f v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dapadek spiritualismu<\/h2>\n\n

Na konci 19. stolet\u00ed \u010delil spiritualismus skepsi a kritice. Maggie Foxov\u00e1, jedna z p\u016fvodn\u00edch sester, to ve\u0159ejn\u011b odsoudila jako podvod a tvrdila, \u017ee ona a jej\u00ed sestra p\u0159edst\u00edraly rapovac\u00ed zvuky. Objev kostry v dom\u011b z d\u011btstv\u00ed sester Foxov\u00fdch vyvolal dal\u0161\u00ed pochybnosti o jejich tvrzen\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed spiritualismu<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee spiritualismus upadal, zanechal trval\u00fd otisk na americk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e. Podporoval v\u00edru v posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot, povzbuzoval komunikaci s nadp\u0159irozenem a ovliv\u0148oval hnut\u00ed, jako je hnut\u00ed za pr\u00e1va \u017een. Spiritualismus m\u00e1 dodnes sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznivce po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

P\u016fvod modern\u00edho spiritualismu: P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh kostry<\/h2>\n\n

Objev lidsk\u00e9 kostry v dom\u011b z d\u011btstv\u00ed sester Foxov\u00fdch v roce 1904 znovu otev\u0159el debatu o jejich autenticit\u011b. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee kostra pat\u0159ila zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9mu podomn\u00edmu obchodn\u00edkovi, kter\u00fd \u00fadajn\u011b komunikoval se sestrami. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak odhalilo, \u017ee kosti byly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sm\u011bs\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch a zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch poz\u016fstatk\u016f, zakopan\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edm \u0161pr\u00fdma\u0159em.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fm z d\u011btstv\u00ed sester Foxov\u00fdch: D\u016fm duch\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

D\u016fm z d\u011btstv\u00ed sester Foxov\u00fdch, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako \u201eD\u016fm duch\u016f\u201c, se stal obl\u00edbenou turistickou destinac\u00ed. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci vyhled\u00e1vali m\u00edsto \u00fadajn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed duch\u016f v nad\u011bji, \u017ee za\u017eij\u00ed nadp\u0159irozeno na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei. Pov\u011bst domu jako stra\u0161ideln\u00e9ho m\u00edsta v\u0161ak v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu vybledla.<\/p>\n\n

Spiritualismus a rochestersk\u00e9 rapoty<\/h2>\n\n

Tvrzen\u00ed sester Foxov\u00fdch, \u017ee komunikuj\u00ed s duchy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rapotac\u00edch zvuk\u016f, se stalo zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako \u201erochestersk\u00e9 rapoty\u201c. Tyto zvuky, popisovan\u00e9 jako z\u0159eteln\u00e9 \u00fadery a klep\u00e1n\u00ed, fascinovaly a m\u00e1tli vy\u0161et\u0159ovatele. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed je p\u0159isuzovali nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdm sil\u00e1m, jin\u00ed podez\u0159\u00edvali podvod nebo psychologick\u00e9 jevy.<\/p>\n\n

Hnut\u00ed spiritualismu v Americe<\/h2>\n\n

Spiritualismus se rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a upoutal miliony v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch. Nab\u00edzel \u00fat\u011bchu tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 smrti, nad\u011bji na lep\u0161\u00ed posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot a pocit spojen\u00ed s neviditeln\u00fdm sv\u011btem. Spiritualist\u00e9 zakl\u00e1dali c\u00edrkve, po\u0159\u00e1dali seance a vyd\u00e1vali velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed knih a \u010dasopis\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spiritualismus: Hnut\u00ed zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 v nadp\u0159irozenu Sestry Foxovy a zrod modern\u00edho spiritualismu V poklidn\u00e9m m\u011bste\u010dku Hydesville ve st\u00e1t\u011b New York tvrdily sestry Foxovy, Margaretta a Kate, v roce 1848, \u017ee komunikovaly…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[991],"tags":[5858,19372,27,837,19373,6501,1903],"class_list":["post-14434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-spirituality","tag-afterlife","tag-fox-sisters","tag-history","tag-religion","tag-seances","tag-spiritualism","tag-supernatural"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14434"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14435,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14434\/revisions\/14435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}