{"id":14436,"date":"2019-08-26T03:55:41","date_gmt":"2019-08-26T03:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14436"},"modified":"2019-08-26T03:55:41","modified_gmt":"2019-08-26T03:55:41","slug":"designer-bacteria-a-new-era-of-control-in-genetic-engineering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/biotechnology\/designer-bacteria-a-new-era-of-control-in-genetic-engineering\/","title":{"rendered":"Geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organismy: Nov\u00e1 \u00e9ra kontroly"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organismy: Nov\u00e1 \u00e9ra kontroly<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Genetick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organismy (GMO) jsou ji\u017e des\u00edtky let p\u0159edm\u011btem debaty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obavy sahaj\u00ed od jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho dopadu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u017e po jejich bezpe\u010dnost pro lidskou spot\u0159ebu. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v oblasti genetick\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed by v\u0161ak mohl n\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto obav vy\u0159e\u0161it t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u011bdc\u016fm poskytne v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontrolu nad vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm a zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm GMO.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Designov\u00e9 bakterie: D\u016fkaz konceptu<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci ned\u00e1vno vytvo\u0159ili &#8220;designov\u00e9 bakterie&#8221;, kter\u00e9 pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed um\u011blou aminokyselinu. Tato aminokyselina se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nevyskytuje, tak\u017ee bakterie nemohou snadno vym\u011b\u0148ovat geny s jin\u00fdmi organismy nebo p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt mimo lidskou kontrolu. Tento experiment dokazuje potenci\u00e1l pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed GMO, kter\u00e9 jsou bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a l\u00e9pe kontrolovateln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzva zadr\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jednou z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch obav t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se GMO je, \u017ee by mohly uniknout do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnit ekosyst\u00e9m nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Designov\u00e9 bakterie vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v\u011bdci tento probl\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee jsou pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na syntetick\u00e9 aminokyselin\u011b. Bez t\u00e9to aminokyseliny se bakterie nemohou rozmno\u017eovat ani \u0161\u00ed\u0159it.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy kontrolovan\u00fdch organism\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kontrolovan\u00e9 organismy, jako jsou designov\u00e9 bakterie, by mohly m\u00edt \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch aplikac\u00ed. Mohly by b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eity k:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ropn\u00fdch skvrn<\/li>\n<li>rozkladu toxick\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed na kontaminovan\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b<\/li>\n<li>l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nemoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm dod\u00e1n\u00edm probiotik do t\u011bla<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost syntetick\u00e9 biologie<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj designov\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed v oblasti syntetick\u00e9 biologie. Tento nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed obor si klade za c\u00edl vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a organismy se specifick\u00fdmi funkcemi. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace syntetick\u00e9 biologie jsou obrovsk\u00e9 a mohou zahrnovat v\u0161e od nov\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a\u017e po udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 zdroje energie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etick\u00e1 hlediska<\/h2>\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli syntetick\u00e1 biologie m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l p\u0159in\u00e9st mnoho v\u00fdhod, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. M\u011bli bychom nap\u0159\u00edklad vytv\u00e1\u0159et organismy, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na um\u011bl\u00fdch slou\u010denin\u00e1ch, aby p\u0159e\u017eily? Jak\u00e9 jsou dlouhodob\u00e9 d\u016fsledky vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kontrolovan\u00fdch organism\u016f do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed? Toto jsou slo\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 bude t\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit, jak se oblast syntetick\u00e9 biologie bude d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lyzinov\u00e1 kontingence:<\/strong> My\u0161lenka kontroly organism\u016f omezen\u00edm jejich schopnosti produkovat esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed aminokyseliny, jako je lyzin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jursk\u00fd park:<\/strong> S\u00e9rie sci-fi film\u016f, kter\u00e1 zkoumala nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch dinosaur\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Probiotika:<\/strong> \u017div\u00e9 mikroorganismy, kter\u00e9 jsou prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj designov\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pokrokem v oblasti genetick\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. Tato nov\u00e1 technologie m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l vytvo\u0159it bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a l\u00e9pe kontrolovateln\u00e9 GMO, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st k \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le v\u00fdhod pro spole\u010dnost. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 postupovat opatrn\u011b a pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit etick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky syntetick\u00e9 biologie, ne\u017e vypust\u00edme kontrolovan\u00e9 organismy do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organismy: Nov\u00e1 \u00e9ra kontroly Genetick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed Geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organismy (GMO) jsou ji\u017e des\u00edtky let p\u0159edm\u011btem debaty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obavy sahaj\u00ed od jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho dopadu na \u017eivotn\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1763],"tags":[19377,19374,3874,19376,19375],"class_list":["post-14436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biotechnology","tag-lysine-contingency","tag-designer-bacteria","tag-genetic-engineering","tag-gmos","tag-synthetic-biology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14436"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14437,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14436\/revisions\/14437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}