{"id":14452,"date":"2023-10-15T12:16:49","date_gmt":"2023-10-15T12:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14452"},"modified":"2023-10-15T12:16:49","modified_gmt":"2023-10-15T12:16:49","slug":"dark-nebulae-cosmic-birthplaces-hidden-in-the-night-sky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/astrophysics\/dark-nebulae-cosmic-birthplaces-hidden-in-the-night-sky\/","title":{"rendered":"Temn\u00e9 mlhoviny: Tajupln\u00e9 porodnice hv\u011bzd"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temn\u00e9 mlhoviny: Kosmick\u00e1 rodi\u0161t\u011b skryt\u00e1 na no\u010dn\u00ed obloze<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co jsou temn\u00e9 mlhoviny?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Temn\u00e9 mlhoviny jsou tajemn\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 oblaky tvo\u0159en\u00e9 hust\u00fdm plynem a prachem, kter\u00e9 pohlcuj\u00ed a rozptyluj\u00ed sv\u011btlo, tak\u017ee na pozad\u00ed hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 oblohy vypadaj\u00ed jako tmav\u00e9 skvrny. Navzdory sv\u00e9mu temn\u00e9mu vzhledu jsou tyto oblasti ve skute\u010dnosti \u017eiv\u00fdmi hv\u011bzdn\u00fdmi \u0161kolkami, kde se rod\u00ed nov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lupus 3: Hv\u011bzdn\u00e1 \u0161kolka bl\u00edzko domova<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pouh\u00fdch 600 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od Zem\u011b v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed \u0160t\u00edra le\u017e\u00ed Lupus 3, jedna z nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch hv\u011bzdn\u00fdch \u0161kolek k na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b. Tato temn\u00e1 mlhovina je hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem astronom\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed studuj\u00ed vznik a v\u00fdvoj hv\u011bzd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed mlhoviny Lupus 3<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nejdetailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sn\u00edmky mlhoviny Lupus 3 byly dosud po\u0159\u00edzeny pomoc\u00ed dalekohled\u016f Very Large Telescope (VLT) a MPG\/ESO o pr\u016fm\u011bru 2,2 metru, kter\u00e9 provozuje Evropsk\u00e1 ji\u017en\u00ed observato\u0159 v Chile. Tyto dalekohledy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed astronom\u016fm nahl\u00e9dnout hluboko do nitra mlhoviny a sledovat vznik nov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vznik hv\u011bzd v temn\u00fdch mlhovin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Temn\u00e9 mlhoviny se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z obrovsk\u00fdch oblak\u016f plynu a prachu, kter\u00e9 se pod vlivem vlastn\u00ed gravitace hrout\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed hust\u00e1 j\u00e1dra. Uvnit\u0159 t\u011bchto jader stoup\u00e1 teplota a tlak, dokud se nevzn\u00edt\u00ed termonukle\u00e1rn\u00ed f\u00faze, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 vzniknout nov\u00fdm hv\u011bzd\u00e1m. Jak tyto hv\u011bzdy rostou, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a siln\u00e9 v\u011btry, kter\u00e9 odstra\u0148uj\u00ed okoln\u00ed plyn a prach a odhaluj\u00ed jejich jasn\u00fd svit.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00daloha temn\u00fdch mlhovin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Astronomov\u00e9 studuj\u00ed temn\u00e9 mlhoviny, aby z\u00edskali poznatky o vzniku hv\u011bzd, v\u010detn\u011b na\u0161eho Slunce. Pochopen\u00edm proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v t\u011bchto kosmick\u00fdch \u0161kolk\u00e1ch, mohou v\u011bdci poskl\u00e1dat dohromady skl\u00e1da\u010dku toho, jak vznikaj\u00ed hv\u011bzdy a planet\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 temn\u00e9 mlhoviny<\/h2>\n\n<p>Lupus 3 nen\u00ed jedinou temnou mlhovinou na no\u010dn\u00ed obloze. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Uheln\u00fd pytel:<\/strong> Velk\u00e1 temn\u00e1 mlhovina pobl\u00ed\u017e Ji\u017en\u00edho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee<\/li>\n<li><strong>Velk\u00e1 trhlina:<\/strong> Obrovsk\u00e1, hadovit\u00e1 temn\u00e1 mlhovina, kter\u00e1 se t\u00e1hne p\u0159es Ml\u00e9\u010dnou dr\u00e1hu<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ko\u0148sk\u00e1 hlava:<\/strong> Temn\u00e1 mlhovina ve tvaru ko\u0148sk\u00e9 hlavy, viditeln\u00e1 v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Orion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objev E. E. Barnarda<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev temn\u00fdch mlhovin se p\u0159ipisuje E. E. Barnardovi, kter\u00fd na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed vyfotografoval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 200 t\u011bchto kosmick\u00fdch oblak\u016f. Jeho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed odhalila, \u017ee temn\u00e9 mlhoviny nejsou pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 prostory, ale hust\u00e9 koncentrace plynu a prachu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temn\u00e9 mlhoviny jako kosmick\u00e9 z\u00e1hady<\/h2>\n\n<p>Temn\u00e9 mlhoviny z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed tajemn\u00fdmi objekty, kter\u00e9 skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed o vzniku a v\u00fdvoji hv\u011bzd. Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm studiem t\u011bchto kosmick\u00fdch rodi\u0161\u0165 doufaj\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 odhalit z\u00e1hady, kter\u00e9 obklopuj\u00ed zrozen\u00ed nov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd a p\u016fvod na\u0161eho vesm\u00edru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Temn\u00e9 mlhoviny: Kosmick\u00e1 rodi\u0161t\u011b skryt\u00e1 na no\u010dn\u00ed obloze Co jsou temn\u00e9 mlhoviny? Temn\u00e9 mlhoviny jsou tajemn\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 oblaky tvo\u0159en\u00e9 hust\u00fdm plynem a prachem, kter\u00e9 pohlcuj\u00ed a rozptyluj\u00ed sv\u011btlo, tak\u017ee na&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[958],"tags":[435,434,19390,15608],"class_list":["post-14452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astrophysics","tag-astronomy","tag-space-exploration","tag-dark-nebulae","tag-star-formation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14452"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14453,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14452\/revisions\/14453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}