{"id":14553,"date":"2024-01-30T08:38:28","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T08:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14553"},"modified":"2024-01-30T08:38:28","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T08:38:28","slug":"bycatch-neutrality-a-new-approach-to-sustainable-fisheries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/marine-biology\/bycatch-neutrality-a-new-approach-to-sustainable-fisheries\/","title":{"rendered":"Neutralizace vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f: Nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rybolovu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neutralizace vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f: Nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rybolovu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pochopen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed ne\u00famysln\u00e9ho \u00falovku nec\u00edlov\u00fdch druh\u016f, jako jsou mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed pt\u00e1ci a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eelvy, b\u011bhem ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch operac\u00ed. Nadm\u011brn\u00fd rybolov m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nadm\u011brn\u00fdm vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00falovk\u016fm, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopady vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eelvy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed pt\u00e1ci a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eelvy jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00ed v\u016f\u010di vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00falovk\u016fm. Mnoho druh\u016f mo\u0159sk\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f m\u00e1 dlouhou \u017eivotnost a n\u00edzkou reproduk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje jejich zotaven\u00ed z pokles\u016f populace. Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eelvy maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 dlouhou \u017eivotnost a \u010del\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b hrozeb, v\u010detn\u011b vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 strategie zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ryb\u00e1\u0159i tradi\u010dn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvali r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou okru\u017en\u00ed h\u00e1\u010dky a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eelvy<\/li>\n<li>Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se oblastem, kde se mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed pt\u00e1ci a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eelvy shlukuj\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Omezen\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed vrcholn\u00fdch vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Koncept neutrality vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159es toto \u00fasil\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky probl\u00e9mem. Koncept \u201eneutrality vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f\u201c se objevil jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup si klade za c\u00edl kompenzovat dopady nevyhnuteln\u00fdch vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f investov\u00e1n\u00edm do ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdm druh\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak neutralita vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f funguje<\/h2>\n\n<p>V r\u00e1mci politiky neutrality vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f by ryb\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed limity vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f, museli financovat ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 projekty, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdm druh\u016fm. Tyto projekty by mohly zahrnovat:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Odstran\u011bn\u00ed zavle\u010den\u00fdch pred\u00e1tor\u016f z hn\u00edzdi\u0161\u0165<\/li>\n<li>Obnova degradovan\u00fdch stanovi\u0161\u0165<\/li>\n<li>Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed technik zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody neutrality vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Poskytuje ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016fm finan\u010dn\u00ed pob\u00eddku ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Sm\u011b\u0159uje financov\u00e1n\u00ed k ochrann\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm, kter\u00e1 prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdm druh\u016fm<\/li>\n<li>Podporuje \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na ekosyst\u00e9mech zohledn\u011bn\u00edm dopad\u016f rybolovu na nec\u00edlov\u00e9 druhy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzvy neutrality vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stanoven\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a \u00farovn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee ryb\u00e1\u0159i dodr\u017euj\u00ed limity vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti mezi vl\u00e1dami, ryb\u00e1\u0159i a da\u0148ov\u00fdmi poplatn\u00edky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alternativn\u00ed strategie zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b neutrality vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f se zkoumaj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 strategie ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zaveden\u00ed dan\u011b z vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f k financov\u00e1n\u00ed ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch snah<\/li>\n<li>Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch poplatk\u016f jednotliv\u00fdm lod\u00edm s vysokou m\u00edrou vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 minimalizuj\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Neutralita vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f je slibn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dopad\u016f nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho rybolovu na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eelvy. Investov\u00e1n\u00edm do ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdm druh\u016fm, si neutralita vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f klade za c\u00edl podporovat udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rybolov a chr\u00e1nit mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu a spolupr\u00e1ce se zainteresovan\u00fdmi stranami, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vy\u0159e\u0161it v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s implementac\u00ed politik neutrality vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neutralizace vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f: Nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu rybolovu Pochopen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f Vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00falovky se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed ne\u00famysln\u00e9ho \u00falovku nec\u00edlov\u00fdch druh\u016f, jako jsou mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed pt\u00e1ci a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eelvy, b\u011bhem ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch operac\u00ed. Nadm\u011brn\u00fd&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[19534,1298,3518,4725,3521,19533],"class_list":["post-14553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marine-biology","tag-ecosystem-based-management","tag-marine-conservation","tag-sea-turtles","tag-seabirds","tag-sustainable-fisheries","tag-bycatch-neutrality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14553"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14554,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14553\/revisions\/14554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}