Poh\u0159ben\u00e9 v pou\u0161ti Atacama v severn\u00edm Chile t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ed 7 000 lety, jsou chinchorrsk\u00e9 mumie nejstar\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm d\u016fkazem um\u011bl\u00e9 mumifikace. Tato zachovan\u00e1 t\u011bla lidu Chinchorro, prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 kultury, kter\u00e1 mumifikovala sv\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9, se stala ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed krajiny a \u010dasto \u010d\u00edhaj\u00ed pod nov\u00fdmi z\u00e1stavbami a naru\u0161uj\u00ed stavebn\u00ed projekty.<\/p>\n\n
To, co odli\u0161uje chinchorrsk\u00e9 mumie, je jejich spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed: v\u0161ichni byli mumifikov\u00e1ni bez ohledu na bohatstv\u00ed nebo postaven\u00ed rodiny. Chinchorrov\u00e9 nepoh\u0159b\u00edvali sv\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9, ale brali si jejich mumifikovan\u00e1 t\u011bla s sebou, kdy\u017e se st\u011bhovali, jako by je mrtv\u00ed doprov\u00e1zeli.<\/p>\n\n
Po ur\u010ditou dobu zahrnovala chinchorrsk\u00e1 strategie mumifikace taktiku “\u010dern\u00e9 mumie”, kdy bylo t\u011blo ponech\u00e1no bez k\u016f\u017ee nebo vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a z\u016fstala pouze kostra. Tyto kosti byly pot\u00e9 pokryty propracovan\u00fdmi ozdobami z r\u00e1kos\u00ed, ko\u017ee\u0161in lachtan\u016f, j\u00edlu, alpa\u010d\u00ed vlny a paruk z lidsk\u00fdch vlas\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Pro Chinchorry tato mumifikovan\u00e1 t\u011bla nebyla jen konzervovan\u00fdmi ostatky, ale um\u011bleck\u00fdmi d\u00edly. Zanechali po sob\u011b keramiku ani jin\u00e9 formy ka\u017edodenn\u00edch kreativn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a m\u00edsto toho vyjad\u0159ovali sv\u00e9 emoce a prom\u011b\u0148ovali sv\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9 v opravdov\u00e1 d\u00edla prehisp\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Pou\u0161\u0165 Atacama, kde \u017eil lid Chinchorro, byla toxick\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9 koncentraci p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho arsenu v p\u016fd\u011b a manganov\u00e9 barv\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k ozdoben\u00ed mumi\u00ed. To mohlo p\u0159isp\u011bt k neobvykle vysok\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti mezi Chinchorry.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory sv\u00e9mu vysok\u00e9mu v\u011bku a statusu pam\u00e1tek sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO nyn\u00ed chinchorrsk\u00e9 mumie \u010del\u00ed nov\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m. Svou da\u0148 si vyb\u00edr\u00e1 zm\u011bna klimatu a nedostatek jednotn\u00e9ho v\u00fdstavn\u00edho prostoru. V oblasti v\u0161ak prob\u00edhaj\u00ed snahy o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vyhrazen\u00e9ho muzea Chinchorro a archeologick\u00e9ho parku.<\/p>\n\n
Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1le \u017eij\u00ed mezi mumiemi v Arice, nen\u00ed \u017eivot mezi mrtv\u00fdmi tolik d\u011bsiv\u00fd, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e sou\u010d\u00e1st jejich ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. P\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed historii, kter\u00e1 je obklopuje, a c\u00edt\u00ed, \u017ee je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jejich d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
“C\u00edt\u00edm, \u017ee jsme pokra\u010dovateli Chinchorr\u016f,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Alfredo Guerrero, obyvatel Aricy. “… Nehodl\u00e1m toto m\u00edsto opustit. V\u017edy tu z\u016fstanu, tak\u017ee je budu v\u017edycky nav\u0161t\u011bvovat.”<\/p>\n\n
Chinchorrsk\u00e9 mumie n\u00e1s st\u00e1le fascinuj\u00ed a udivuj\u00ed a p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed n\u00e1m vynal\u00e9zavost a odolnost starov\u011bk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed a d\u016fle\u017eitost zachov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161eho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Chinchorrsk\u00e9 mumie: starov\u011bk\u00e9 poklady \u010del\u00ed modern\u00edm hrozb\u00e1m Nejstar\u0161\u00ed mumie na sv\u011bt\u011b Poh\u0159ben\u00e9 v pou\u0161ti Atacama v severn\u00edm Chile t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ed 7 000 lety, jsou chinchorrsk\u00e9 mumie nejstar\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm d\u016fkazem um\u011bl\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[15956,19657,19494,17091,19658],"class_list":["post-14646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-arsenic","tag-chinchorro-mummies","tag-mummification","tag-atacama-desert","tag-pre-hispanic-art"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14646"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14647,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14646\/revisions\/14647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}